The IL-33/ST2 pathway is not essential to Th2 stimulation but is key for modulation and survival during chronic infection with Schistosoma mansoni in mice

IL-33/ST2 Axis Deficiency Exacerbates Hepatic Pathology by Regulating Treg and Th17 Cells in Murine Schistosomiasis Japonica

“…8,67 There is significant increased IL-17 levels in the ST2 −/− infected mice with S. mansoni at 14 weeks post infection. 56 Our results showed that frequencies of both hepatic and splenic Th17 were upregulated in the infected IL-33 −/− or ST2 −/− relative to the infected WT mice, which were consistent with increased mRNA expression levels of its corresponding biomarker RORγt. In addition, analysis of the cytokine production profile revealed that depletion of the IL-33/ST2 axis resulted in the increased IL-17 level.…”

“…55 The IL-33/ST2 axis is necessary to prevent host mortality by modulating granuloma-mediated pathology in schistosomiasis mansoni. 56 In experimental schistosomiasis, the IL-33/ST2 axis has been associated with increased Th2 response in infections with S. japonicum, 20 but not with S. mansoni. 56 IL-33 has been reported as one of keystones in liver inflammatory diseases, with protective or proinflammatory effects, depending on assessment timing and disease models.…”

“…56 In experimental schistosomiasis, the IL-33/ST2 axis has been associated with increased Th2 response in infections with S. japonicum, 20 but not with S. mansoni. 56 IL-33 has been reported as one of keystones in liver inflammatory diseases, with protective or proinflammatory effects, depending on assessment timing and disease models. 57 Reports from different groups have suggested that variable functions of IL-33 in Schistosoma infected mice, which might duo to different species involved, different infection stages and assessment time points.…”

“…57 Reports from different groups have suggested that variable functions of IL-33 in Schistosoma infected mice, which might duo to different species involved, different infection stages and assessment time points. 21,22,56 Given the diverse function of IL-33 during inflammation disorders, further investigation of detailed molecular mechanisms by which the IL-33/ST2 axis protects hepatic pathology associated with schistosomiasis may be favorable for defining novel targets to prevent its onset.…”

Experimental infection with Schistosoma mansoni isolated from the wild rodent Holochilus sciureus shows a low parasite burden but induces high schistosomiasis severity in BALB/c mice

“…After perfusion, the lungs, liver, spleen and intestine (small and large) were removed, triturated and individually digested in potassium hydroxide solution (5% KOH) at 37°C for 4 h. The product of the tissue digestion of each animal was centrifuged (1500 g for 5 min), and the sediment containing the eggs was washed 5 times and resuspended in 5 mL of saline solution containing 10% formaldehyde. For counting, two 200- μ L aliquots of each sample were analysed using an optical microscope, and the average number of eggs per aliquot of digested tissue suspension was expressed in eggs/organ (Maggi et al , 2021).…”