The ignition of wet and dry wood by radiation

Simms, D.L.; Law, M.

doi:10.1016/0010-2180(67)90058-2

Cited by 102 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Thus one expects a greater effect of moisture under thermally thick conditions. Indeed, the data of previous investigators [1][2][3] suggest the same to be true.…”

Section: Thermally Thick Conditionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…2 provides ignition time under thermally thick conditions. The properties k, ρ and c all increase with the increase in moisture content, as discussed by Simms and Law [1]. Ignoring moisture migration and the small heat of desorption of water, the specific heat increases by approximately c are thermal conductivity, density and specific heat of dry wood.…”

Section: Thermally Thick Conditionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…However, few researchers have addressed this issue and test methods generally do not account for its importance. Simms and Law [1] conducted piloted and auto ignition tests on specimens of different wood materials with 20 to 60% moisture contents and measured the ignition times over a wide range of radiation intensities. They found that ignition times increase with increasing moisture content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of Moisture on Ignition Time of Cellulosic Materials

Khan¹,

Ris²,

Ogden³

2008

Fire Saf. Sci.

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The effect of equilibrium moisture content (ranging from 4 to 12.5% moisture, corresponding to 20 to 90% relative humidity) on piloted ignition times of single wall and tri-wall corrugated paperboard samples has been measured over a range of external radiant heat flux (10 to 60 kW/m 2 ) in the Fire Propagation Apparatus (ASTM E-2058). It has been shown for heat fluxes up to 50 kW/m 2 corrugated paperboard samples behave as thermally thin solids and satisfy a simple fundamental equation based on energy required for ignition:

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“…Thus one expects a greater effect of moisture under thermally thick conditions. Indeed, the data of previous investigators [1][2][3] suggest the same to be true.…”

Section: Thermally Thick Conditionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Thermally Thick Conditionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of Moisture on Ignition Time of Cellulosic Materials

Khan¹,

Ris²,

Ogden³

2008

Fire Saf. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Interestingly, both of the quantities that are used to derive FMC are relevant to combustion. Water (FMC numerator) is important because it has a high specific heat and energy must be used to evaporate water before solid fuel can be raised to ignition temperature, thus increasing the energy required for ignition [15]. In contrast, when fuel dry matter (FMC denominator) is heated, it produces the pyrolyzates that support flaming combustion.…”

Section: Leaf-level Linkages Between Physiology and Flammabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyro-Ecophysiology: Shifting the Paradigm of Live Wildland Fuel Research

Jolly

Johnson

2018

Fire

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Abstract:The most destructive wildland fires occur in mixtures of living and dead vegetation, yet very little attention has been given to the fundamental differences between factors that control their flammability. Historically, moisture content has been used to evaluate the relative flammability of live and dead fuels without considering major, unreported differences in the factors that control their variations across seasons and years. Physiological changes at both the leaf and whole plant level have the potential to explain ignition and fire behavior phenomena in live fuels that have been poorly explained for decades. Here, we explore how these physiological changes violate long-held assumptions about live fuel dynamics and we present a conceptual model that describes how plant carbon and water cycles independently and interactively influence plant flammability characteristics at both the leaf and whole plant scale. This new ecophysiology-based approach can help us expand our understanding of potential plant responses to environmental change and how those physiological changes may impact plant flammability. Furthermore, it may ultimately help us better manage wildland fires in an uncertain future.

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“…Melosh et al 1990). However, these data are for pre-prepared non-natural state pieces of wood without protective bark that were exposed to constant heat fluxes of varying magnitudes (Simms & Law 1967) and were intended for use in fire safety assessments of the built environment. First, relating experiments on barkless timber is unrealistic for application to natural wildland fuels, as bark provides thermal protection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental assessment of the ignition of forest fuels by the thermal pulse generated by the Cretaceous–Palaeogene impact at Chicxulub

Belcher

Hadden

Rein

et al. 2015

JGS

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Abstract:A large extraterrestrial body hit the Yucatán Peninsula at the end of the Cretaceous period. Models suggest that a substantial amount of thermal radiation was delivered to the Earth's surface by the impact, leading to the suggestion that it was capable of igniting extensive wildfires and contributed to the end-Cretaceous extinctions. We have reproduced in the laboratory the most intense impact-induced heat fluxes estimated to have reached different points on the Earth's surface using a fire propagation apparatus and investigated the ignition potential of forest fuels. The experiments indicate that dry litter can ignite, but live fuels typically do not, suggesting that any ignition caused by impact-induced thermal radiation would have been strongly regional dependent. The intense, but short-lived, pulse downrange and at proximal and intermediate distances from the impact is insufficient to ignite live fuel. However, the less intense but longer-lasting thermal pulse at distal locations may have ignited areas of live fuels. Because plants and ecosystems are generally resistant to single localized fire events, we conclude that any fires ignited by impact-induced thermal radiation cannot be directly responsible for plant extinctions, implying that heat stress is only part of the end-Cretaceous story.

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The ignition of wet and dry wood by radiation

Cited by 102 publications

References 5 publications

Effect of Moisture on Ignition Time of Cellulosic Materials

Effect of Moisture on Ignition Time of Cellulosic Materials

Pyro-Ecophysiology: Shifting the Paradigm of Live Wildland Fuel Research

An experimental assessment of the ignition of forest fuels by the thermal pulse generated by the Cretaceous–Palaeogene impact at Chicxulub

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