The IgG subclass distribution acquired antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum , in relation to malaria exposure of naturally and severity

Ferreira, Marcelo U.; Kimura, Emı́lia A.; Katzin, Alejandro M.; Santos-Neto, Leopoldo Luiz dos; Ferrari, Julie; Villalobos, José Manuel Berruecos; Carvalho, Maria Esther de

doi:10.1080/00034989859807

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…The distinct role of each IgG subclass antibody is not well understood. However there is evidence that the cytophilic subclasses, IgG1 and IgG3, are correlated with protection from clinical disease and are thought work through activation of monocytes through the Fc receptors [42–44]. IgG2 and IgG4 have been proposed to block opsonization and phagocytosis by competitively blocking these targets[45] and this may explain the decreased frequency of these antibodies in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte-binding Antigen-175 are Associated With Protection From Clinical Malaria

McCarra¹,

Ayodo²,

Sumba³

et al. 2011

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Background Antibodies to blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum antigens have been associated with protection against clinical malaria in some studies but not others. Many of these studies have not assessed whether high-titer antibodies are associated with protection and have not adjusted for differences in malaria exposure. Methods The presence of high-titer antibodies to apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1), erythrocyte binding antigen-175 (EBA-175) and merozoite surface protein-119 (MSP-119) was assessed in 87 children living in a malaria holoendemic area of Kenya. The children were prospectively assessed during one year for clinical malaria. Results In unadjusted analyses, high-titer antibodies to MSP-119, but not EBA-175 or AMA-1, were associated with protection from clinical malaria. However, after adjustment for exposure, only high-titer antibodies to EBA-175 were associated with protection from clinical malaria (hazard ratio (HR), 0.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.24, 0.95, P=0.03), and with reduced episodes of clinical malaria (incidence rate ratio, 0.50, 95 % CI, 0.31, 0.81, P=0.005). A trend toward increased protection from clinical malaria in children was seen with antibodies to both EBA-175 and MSP-119 (HR, 0.26, 95% CI 0.03, 1.94, P=0.18) Conclusions High-titer antibodies to EBA-175 are associated with protection from clinical malaria in children in a malaria holoendemic area of Kenya. Accurate estimates of antibody-associated protection from clinical malaria require adjustment for malaria exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte-binding Antigen-175 are Associated With Protection From Clinical Malaria

McCarra¹,

Ayodo²,

Sumba³

et al. 2011

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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“…G1m [1,2,3,17] and G3m [5,6,10,11,13,14,15,16,21,24,28] allotypes were determined in plasma samples by a standard hemagglutination inhibition method (38). All infants carried the G1m1,17 allele.…”

Section: Igg Gm Allotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These amino acid changes are responsible for antigenic determinants named human immunoglobulin Gm (gamma markers) allotypes. There are four allotypes for IgG1 in the CH1 and CH3 constant domains called G1m [1,2,3,17], one allotype for IgG2 in the CH2 constant domain called G2m23 and thirteen allotypes for IgG3 in the CH2 and CH3 constant domains called G3m [5,6,10,11,13,14,15,16,21,24,26,27,28] (12,13). The most polymorphic G3m allotypes are distinguished by variations on nine amino acids (13,14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum Malaria: Influence of Combined Polymorphisms of IgG3 Gm Allotypes and Fc Gamma Receptors IIA, IIIA, and IIIB

et al. 2020

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The binding of immunoglobulin (Ig) to Fc gamma receptors (FcgR) at the immune cell surface is an important step to initiate immunological defense against malaria. However, polymorphisms in receptors and/or constant regions of the IgG heavy chains may modulate this binding. Here, we investigated whether polymorphisms located in FcgR and constant regions of the heavy chain of IgG are associated with susceptibility to P. falciparum malaria. For this purpose, a clinical and parasitological follow-up on malaria was conducted among 656 infants in southern Benin. G3m allotypes (from total IgG3) were determined by a serological method of hemagglutination inhibition. FcgRIIA 131R/H and FcgRIIIA 176F/V genotypes were determined using the TaqMan method and FcgRIIIB NA1/NA2 genotypes were assessed by polymerase chain reaction using allele-specific primers. Association analyses between the number of malaria infections during the follow-up and polymorphisms in IgG G3m allotypes and FcgR were studied independently by zero inflated binomial negative regression. The influence of combinations of G3m allotypes and FcgRIIA/FcgRIIIA/FcgRIIIB polymorphisms on the number of P. falciparum infections, and their potential interaction with environmental exposure to malaria was assessed by using the generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) method. Results showed that individual carriage of G3m24 single allotype and of G3m5,6,10,11,13,14,24 phenotype was independently associated with a high risk of malaria infection. A risk effect for G3m6 was observed only under high environmental exposure. FcgRIIIA 176VV single genotype and combined carriage of FcgRIIA 131RH/FcgRIIIA 176VV/FcgRIIIB NA1NA2, FcgRIIA 131HH/FcgRIIIA 176FF/FcgRIIIB NA1NA1, FcgRIIA 131HH/FcgRIIIA 176VV/FcgRIIIB NA2NA2 and FcgRIIA 131HH/FcgRIIIA 176VV/FcgRIIIB NA1NA2 genotypes were related to a high number of malaria infections. The risk was accentuated for FcgRIIIA 176VV when considering the influence of environmental exposure to malaria. Finally, the GMDR analysis including environmental exposure showed strengthened associations with a malaria risk when FcgRIIA/FcgRIIIA/FcgRIIIB genotypes were combined to G3m5,6,11,24 and G3m5,6,10,11,13,15,24 phenotypes or G3m10 and G3m13 single allotypes. Our results highlight the relevance of studying IgG heavy chain and FcgR polymorphisms, independently as well as in combination, in relation to the individual susceptibility to P. falciparum infection. The intensity of individual exposure to mosquito bites was demonstrated to impact the relationships found.

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“…In contrast, plasma concentrations of IgG against a detergent-soluble extract of P. falciparum schizonts, the concentrations of anti-parasite antibodies of all subclasses increased with age. There was no correlation between age and the proportion of cytophilic antibodies [75] and no major difference was observed in IgG subclass distribution of antibodies to the polymorphic block 2 and the 19-kDa C-terminal domain MSP-1 between symptomatic, and asymptomatic parasite carriers [71]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria in Brazil: an overview

Oliveira-Ferreira

Lacerda

Brasil

et al. 2010

Malar J

384

390

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Malaria is still a major public health problem in Brazil, with approximately 306 000 registered cases in 2009, but it is estimated that in the early 1940s, around six million cases of malaria occurred each year. As a result of the fight against the disease, the number of malaria cases decreased over the years and the smallest numbers of cases to-date were recorded in the 1960s. From the mid-1960s onwards, Brazil underwent a rapid and disorganized settlement process in the Amazon and this migratory movement led to a progressive increase in the number of reported cases. Although the main mosquito vector (Anopheles darlingi) is present in about 80% of the country, currently the incidence of malaria in Brazil is almost exclusively (99,8% of the cases) restricted to the region of the Amazon Basin, where a number of combined factors favors disease transmission and impair the use of standard control procedures. Plasmodium vivax accounts for 83,7% of registered cases, while Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for 16,3% and Plasmodium malariae is seldom observed. Although vivax malaria is thought to cause little mortality, compared to falciparum malaria, it accounts for much of the morbidity and for huge burdens on the prosperity of endemic communities. However, in the last few years a pattern of unusual clinical complications with fatal cases associated with P. vivax have been reported in Brazil and this is a matter of concern for Brazilian malariologists. In addition, the emergence of P. vivax strains resistant to chloroquine in some reports needs to be further investigated. In contrast, asymptomatic infection by P. falciparum and P. vivax has been detected in epidemiological studies in the states of Rondonia and Amazonas, indicating probably a pattern of clinical immunity in both autochthonous and migrant populations. Seropidemiological studies investigating the type of immune responses elicited in naturally-exposed populations to several malaria vaccine candidates in Brazilian populations have also been providing important information on whether immune responses specific to these antigens are generated in natural infections and their immunogenic potential as vaccine candidates. The present difficulties in reducing economic and social risk factors that determine the incidence of malaria in the Amazon Region render impracticable its elimination in the region. As a result, a malaria-integrated control effort - as a joint action on the part of the government and the population - directed towards the elimination or reduction of the risks of death or illness, is the direction adopted by the Brazilian government in the fight against the disease.

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The IgG subclass distribution acquired antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum , in relation to malaria exposure of naturally and severity

Cited by 23 publications

References 35 publications

Antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte-binding Antigen-175 are Associated With Protection From Clinical Malaria

Antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte-binding Antigen-175 are Associated With Protection From Clinical Malaria

Susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum Malaria: Influence of Combined Polymorphisms of IgG3 Gm Allotypes and Fc Gamma Receptors IIA, IIIA, and IIIB

Malaria in Brazil: an overview

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