The IEEE Model for a Ground Rod in a Two Layer Soil – A FEM Approach

Martins, Aida Brito; Mariano, S.J.P.S.; Calado, M.R.A.

doi:10.5772/48252

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In the case of the vertical rod in homogeneous isotropic soil, the percentage error between the energetic and theoretical resistance evaluations is approximately 3.06%. Based on similar analysis and comparison, and an error of less than 10%, the model describing electric current conservation in the soil is satisfactory [40,43,45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Method for Modelling Seasonal Variation in Resistance and Performance of Earthing Systems

Nnamdi,

Chandima

2023

Energies

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The current techniques utilized for estimating seasonal fluctuations in earthing system resistance, including artificial neural networks (ANNs) and correlation/correction factors, rely on resistance records, soil resistivity measurements, and meteorological data collected across broad areas. However, they frequently fail to consider the impact of soil conditions and properties at the actual earthing location. As a solution, this research introduces a new method that models atmospheric conditions as soil suction and incorporates hydraulic soil properties (soil water retention characteristics and hydraulic conductivity) to estimate the seasonal changes in earthing resistance and performance. To illustrate this approach, this study constructs geometric models of vertical earthing rods for three homogeneous soil textures (clayey, silty, and sandy) utilizing COMSOL Multiphysics software. By coupling the differential equations governing electric current and water flow using Archie’s formula and solving numerically with the finite element method (FEM) for various soil suctions, this research reveals that soil water retention and resistivity variations are notably influenced by soil texture. Sandy soil displays higher variability, silt soil demonstrates moderate changes, while clayey soil exhibits lower fluctuation. By linking soil resistivity changes to soil suction and hydraulic properties, this innovative method predicts seasonal trends in earthing resistance and performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major post-simulation analysis involves the evaluation of the resistance of the earthing rod for the range of soil suction at equilibrium. The formula for this computation is the energetic formula proposed by [43] and expressed in Equation (33).…”

Section: Post Simulation Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%