The Idea of a Sociology of Risk and Uncertainty: Insight from Pareto

Marshall, Alasdair; Guidi, Marco Enrico Luigi

doi:10.4324/9781315084312-6

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Based on earlier works on psychological conservatism by Wilson and Patterson (1970) and on right wing authoritarianism by Altemeyer (1981), Marshall (2007), Marshall and Guidi (2012) and Marshall and Ojiako (2015) argue that the Machiavellian-Paretian 'lion' equates today's conservative and authoritarian behavioural patterns. As Marshall (2007) points out, both conservative and authoritarian patterns display similar strong positive correlations with measures of dogmatic and rigid thinking, as well as similar strong negative correlations with measures of openness.…”

Section: Are These Patterns Real?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…What we call "vulpine" managerial patterns can arguably be viewed as undermining such trust and commitment, yet this claim must be carefully qualified to recognise qualities of charismatic leadership and manipulation that might achieve the reverse, at least over the short term until the true nature of the pattern is understood. Marshall (2007) and Marshall and Guidi (2012) argued that the Machiavellian-Paretian "fox" equates to today's "dark triad" leader or manager, whose related literature permits the above ambiguity to be explored. This wellknown pattern comprises manipulative behaviours (from Machiavellianism), lack of empathy (from psychopathy) and the excessive preoccupation with admiration, status and prestige (from narcissism); with all three constructs overlapping into what Paulhus and Williams (2002) first termed the "dark triad".…”

Section: Are These Patterns Real?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Machiavellian behavioural framing of social conflict risks in supply chains

Marshall

Bashir

Ojiako

et al. 2018

MRR

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Purpose This conceptual paper aims to explore how supply chain managers deal with social threats to supply chains, in the process of demonstrating the potency of a largely neglected strand of realist social theory. This theory, as posited, sheds a great deal of light on the behavioural reality of how supply chain managers operate within the social aspects of their risk environments. Design/methodology/approach The paper is presented as a narrative synthesis of classical realist sociological literature. Findings The Machiavellian approach provides a template that can be used to help academics and practitioners understand how and why supply chain managers orient themselves to the social threats they confront in very different ways. The theory’s contention that the behavioural reality can be subdivided between two basic patterns allows it to serve as a constructively simple template for becoming attuned to ways in which supply chain managers socially construct and act within their social threat environments. Research limitations/implications The growing social complexity of supply chains gives behavioural responses a complexity reduction function. The authors theorise that such patterns, once activated, may not necessarily adapt rationally as guides to optimise the chance of success against the full range of social threats they are likely to encounter. Originality/value Cross-disciplinary supply chain management research is increasingly drawing upon sociology and behavioural science to facilitate greater understanding of not only the supply chain environment but also the roles of supply chain managers as relationship influencers and managers of conflict. The authors posit that Machiavellian–realist social theory can contribute to supply chain management scholarship by offering a constructively simple approach to evaluate the behavioural realities associated with social threats.

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Section: Are These Patterns Real?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Are These Patterns Real?mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Machiavellian behavioural framing of social conflict risks in supply chains

Marshall

Bashir

Ojiako

et al. 2018

MRR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…From Marshall (2007) and Marshall and Guidi (2012), we can posit that such deviant behaviour fox-like (vulpine) behaviour maps to today's "dark triad" personality cluster comprising subclinical Narcissism, Machiavellianism and psychopathy (see Paulhus and Williams, 2002). Correspondingly, many entrepreneurs are know well for a cluster of manipulativeness, lack of empathy and status obsession, which some commentators (see Person, 1986;Kets de Vries, 2004;Zhao et al, 2005Zhao et al, , 2010 suggest may be critical to that self-efficacy which, generally speaking, leads entrepreneurs generally tend to perceive more opportunities when presented with risky situations and choices.…”

Section: Machiavelli's Animal Spiritsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drawing upon earlier works of Thompson (1986), Hansson (1996Hansson ( , 1999Hansson ( , 2005Hansson ( , 2010, Ward and Chapman (2003), Althaus (2005), Trewin et al (2010), Marshall (see Marshall andOjiako, 2010, 2013;Marshall and Guidi, 2012;Marshall et al, 2014) and Boholm and Corvellec (2011), we regard the problem of unanticipated risk as ubiquitous in the life of decision-making individuals and organisations. Risk however remains both an objective abstraction and a subjective concept (Hansson, 1996(Hansson, , 2005 and for that reason its usages within a realist paradigm concerned to highlight mind dependency problems that create mismatches between subjective experience and objective reality can prove awkward unless we clarify its meaning within that context.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A realist philosophical understanding of entrepreneurial risk-taking

Marshall

Ojiako

2015

Society and Business Review

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to utilise Vilfredo Pareto ' s Machiavellian-realist social theory to provide a distinctive realist philosophical understanding of entrepreneurial risk-taking. By doing so, this paper seeks to stimulate debate and encourage future empirical testing that has the potential to present a richer understanding of entrepreneurial risk-taking. Design/methodology/approach – To establish that a realist perspective can help theorise entrepreneurship, the authors look through a modern day risk and uncertainty optic at the hidden mechanisms within the social world where enterprises operate. Looking from this unique standpoint, where the long established social theory is reinvigorated by contemporary risk philosophy within a shared realist paradigm, human nature equips entrepreneurs with certain “animal spirits” to muddle blindly and instinctually through their risk environments. Findings – The paper argues that this combined perspective unlocks a much richer understanding of entrepreneurial risk-taking, in particular, by capturing more of its behavioural reality and despite our strong emphasis on the inaccessibility and hiddenness of the risk environment to the entrepreneur, by exploring the entrepreneur-risk environment fit in ecological terms. Originality/value – The paper’s unique blend of the classical Italian social theory with the contemporary risk theory offers a novel ecological view of the entrepreneur’s blind (mal) adaptation to their risk environment.

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“…Risk taking dapat dianalisis pada level individual dan organisasional sebagai proses pengambilan keputusan yang dapat bersifat objektif maupun subjektif (Marshall and Ojiako, 2014;Marshall and Guidi, 2012;Boholm and Corvellec, 2011;Denis, Hilton, 2015) "Risk-taking", didefiniskan oleh sebagai komitmen untuk berusaha dan menerima ide untuk memulai sebuah usaha menjadi aspek yang terintegral dari perilaku entrepreneurial yang tertarik pada elemen risiko maupun ketidakpastian (Mitchell et al 2004, p. 978). Beberapa peneliti menunjukkan bahwa konstruk risk taking dapat dibedakan atas uncertainty dan risk (Marshall and Ojiako 2014;Galindo at al., 2013;York and Venkataraman, 2010;McMullen and Shepherd, 2006).…”

Section: Proposisi :unclassified

Model konstruksi kognitif metaphora kewirausahaan: pendekatan konseptual

Sulastri

Wahab

Varbi

2017

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Entrepreneurial knowledge is a taxonomic knowledge with complex and extensive metaphor. Its complexity and breadth requires construct simplification to achieve the effectiveness of the cognitive goals that can be guided as a learning outcome. The aim of this research is to produce a conceptual model on the cognitive entrepreneurial knowledge in learning process in higher education. The cognitive construction model is focused on important variables of entrepreneurship such as (a) opportunities recognition, (b) opportunities exploitation (c) innovation, (d) proactive, and (e) risk taking as the main construct variable in entrepreneurship. Conceptual study that concluded that to do cognitive construction from a learning process, 5 aspects are required: (1) content of what will be interpreted; (2) type of representation that will be reflected and explained; (3) referent, the background of representation of the meaning of content; (4) relatedness, the relationship between content and context and (5) the interaction between content, representation, referent and relatedness in forming intentionality. The cognitive construction process will reach it means if intentionality is formed as the goal of learning activity. Proposition of knowledge cognitive construction model gives implication on the future empirical studies as a part of taxonomy and the body knowledge of entrepreneurship. Key Words: Cognitive construction, opportunities introduction, opportunities exploitation, innovation, creativity, proactive, and risk taking.Abstrak: Pengetahuan kewirausahaan merupakan taksonomi yang memiliki konstruk yang kompleks dan luas. Kompleksitas dan keluasan pengetahuan kewirausahaan membutuhkan penyederhanaan konstruk untuk mencapai efektivitas pada sasaran kognitif yang dapat dipedomani sebagai learning outcome. Tujuan artikel ini untuk memodelkan secara konseptual bagaimana konstruk dan proses kognitif pengetahuan kewirausahaan dalam pembelajaran pada level pendidikan tinggi. Model konstruksi kognitif difokuskan pada variabel penting kewirausahaan antara lain (a) pengenalan peluang, (b) eksploitasi peluang (c) inovasi (d) proaktif dan (e) risk taking sebagai variabel utama yang menjelaskan konstruk kewirausahaan. Kajian konseptual menyimpulkan bahwauntuk melakukan konstruksi kognitif dari suatu proses pembelajaran dibutuhkan (1) konten apa yang akan dimaknai, (2) jenis representasi seperti apa yang dapat merefleksikan dan dijelaskan dalam dunia nyata, (3) referent, apa yang melatar belakangi terjadinya representasiterhadap makna konten (4) bagaimana konten berhubungan dengan konteks (relatedness) (5) bagaimana terjadinya interaksi antara konten, representasi, referent dan relatedness sehingga membentuk intensionalitas. Proses konstruksi kognitif menjadi bermakna jika terbangunnya intensionalitas sebagai sasaran pembelajaran. Model proposisi konstruksi kognitif

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The Idea of a Sociology of Risk and Uncertainty: Insight from Pareto

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

A Machiavellian behavioural framing of social conflict risks in supply chains

A Machiavellian behavioural framing of social conflict risks in supply chains

A realist philosophical understanding of entrepreneurial risk-taking

Model konstruksi kognitif metaphora kewirausahaan: pendekatan konseptual

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