The ICSD-3 NREM Parasomnia Section is Evidence Based Resulting From International Collaboration, Consensus and Best Practices

Pressman, Mark R.; Bornemann, Michel Cramer

doi:10.5664/jcsm.4474

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Insomnia, daytime somnolence, sleep disturbances, poor sleep quality, depression, poor concentration, decreased job performance, headaches, reduced cognitive function, and poor coordination are common symptoms of CRSWDs [86][87][88]. According to the third edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, insomnia is described as a problem with either initiating sleep, maintaining sleep continuity, or experiencing poor sleep quality [89]. Despite advances in the clinical management of CRSWDs, clinical diagnosis of circadian disruption remains complex [90].…”

Section: Summary Of the Clinical Features Of Circadian Rhythm Sleep-w...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The neurophysiologic basis of the human sleep–wake cycle and the physiopathology of the circadian clock: a narrative review

Okechukwu

2022

Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg

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The objectives of this review were to explain the neurologic processes that control the human sleep–wake cycle as well as the pathophysiology of the human circadian clock. Non-rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep are the two main phases of sleep. When triggered by circadian input from the anterior hypothalamus and sleep–wake homeostatic information from endogenous chemical signals (example, adenosine), the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus initiates the onset of sleep. Arousal in which there is a conscious monitoring of the surroundings and the ability to respond to external stimuli is known as wakefulness. It contrasts the state of sleep, in which receptivity to external stimuli is reduced. The higher the synchronous firing rates of cerebral cortex neurons, the longer the brain has been awake. Sleep–wake disturbances induced by endogenous circadian system disruptions or desynchronization between internal and external sleep–wake cycles are known as circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorder (CRSWD). Patients with CRSWD usually report chronic daytime drowsiness and/or insomnia, which interferes with their activities. CRSWD is diagnosed based on the results of some functional evaluations, which include measuring the circadian phase using core body temperature, melatonin secretion timing, sleep diaries, actigraphy, and subjective experiences (example, using the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire). CRSWD is classified as a dyssomnia in the second edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, with six subtypes: advanced sleep phase, delayed sleep phase, irregular sleep–wake, free running, jet lag, and shift work types. CRSWD can be temporary (due to jet lag, shift work, or illness) or chronic (due to delayed sleep–wake phase disorder, advanced sleep–wake phase disorder, non-24-h sleep–wake disorder, or irregular sleep–wake rhythm disorder). The inability to fall asleep and wake up at the desired time is a common symptom of all CRSWDs.

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Section: Summary Of the Clinical Features Of Circadian Rhythm Sleep-w...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The neurophysiologic basis of the human sleep–wake cycle and the physiopathology of the circadian clock: a narrative review

Okechukwu

2022

Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg

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“…The ICSD3 classifications and criteria were not based on biostatistics, as suggested by Munro, and certainly not on fallacious inferences from biostatistics. They were based on a detailed review of sleep medicine literature by committees of experts [8]. Their recommendations rest on the sound logic outlined above and should be maintained.…”

Section: Letter To the Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

Commentary on: Munro NA. Alcohol and parasomnias: The statistical evaluation of the parasomnia defense in sexual assault, where alcohol is involved. J Forensic Sci. 2020;65(4):1235–41. doi: 10.1111/1556‐4029.14322

Thompson

Pressman

2022

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…These are most common in childhood, and include sleep terrors, confusional arousals, and sleep-walking, which are all forms of arousals from non-REM-sleep (most commonly stage N3, and generally during the first half of sleep). 52,53 Associated factors include those that are intrinsic (such as genetic and developmental) and extrinsic (particularly sleep fragmentation). The key to diagnosis is the historical account from the sleep witness.…”

Section: Parasomniasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PSG is not always necessary, if the presenting features are classic and occur in the appropriate demographic; however, if there are new onset parasomnias, they are atypical, frequent in occurrence, provoke bodily injury, and present with stereotyped phenomena reminiscent of seizure activity, PSG should be pursued. 52,53 Video PSG with EEG is particularly helpful in distinguishing between a sleep disorder and seizure activity. The main treatment strategy is to address the causes of sleep fragmentation, whether that is due to medications (an important category to consider is sedative-hypnotics, including zolpidem), an undiagnosed sleep disorder, or something else.…”

Section: Parasomniasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main treatment strategy is to address the causes of sleep fragmentation, whether that is due to medications (an important category to consider is sedative-hypnotics, including zolpidem), an undiagnosed sleep disorder, or something else. 52,53 Additionally, it is important to secure the sleep environment for safety, to protect the patient from harming themselves and others.…”

Section: Parasomniasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Approach to Common Sleep Disorders

Wang

Salas

2021

Semin Neurol

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Sleep disorders are highly relevant in clinical practice given their prevalence as well as their impact on health outcomes and quality of life. The most common concerns are excessive daytime sleepiness, insomnia, disordered breathing, and abnormal movements or behaviors during sleep. A detailed but targeted history is vital, particularly from the sleep partner/witness. In-laboratory sleep testing (polysomnography and multiple sleep latency test) remains vital in the diagnosis of certain sleep disorders (such as sleep-disordered breathing and central hypersomnia) and in specific populations (such as in children and individuals with comorbid medical disorders). Advances in technology have allowed for a variety of methods in assessing a patient's sleep, from compact devices to evaluate for sleep apnea, wrist actigraphy, and mobile device-based applications. As the pathophysiology of various sleep disorders becomes better elucidated, disease-specific medications have been developed for these conditions. Nonetheless, a multidisciplinary approach to management is necessary, including improving sleep hygiene and cognitive behavioral therapy.

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The ICSD-3 NREM Parasomnia Section is Evidence Based Resulting From International Collaboration, Consensus and Best Practices

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

The neurophysiologic basis of the human sleep–wake cycle and the physiopathology of the circadian clock: a narrative review

The neurophysiologic basis of the human sleep–wake cycle and the physiopathology of the circadian clock: a narrative review

Commentary on: Munro NA. Alcohol and parasomnias: The statistical evaluation of the parasomnia defense in sexual assault, where alcohol is involved. J Forensic Sci. 2020;65(4):1235–41. doi: 10.1111/1556‐4029.14322

Approach to Common Sleep Disorders

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