The ICES Working Group on Zooplankton Ecology: Accomplishments of the first 25 years

Wiebe, Peter H.; Harris, Roger P.; Gíslason, Ástþór; Margoński, Piotr; Skjoldal, Hein Rune; Benfield, Mark C.; Hay, Steve; O’Brien, Todd; Valdés, Luis

doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2015.12.009

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Anomalies are a useful unitless ratio to transform data for comparison of interannual trends across a variety of plankton and other hydrographic variables, each with different measurement units and sampling frequencies (Wiebe et al ). The abundance anomaly (

A_{y}^{'}

) for each pteropod taxon and year in the time series was calculated using the following formula:

A_{y}^{'} = \log_{10} false[\overset{A_{y}}{true} / \overset{A}{true} false]

where

\overset{A_{normaly}}{true}

is the mean abundance for year y , and

\overset{A}{true}

is the mean of the yearly means (O'Brien et al ; Steinberg et al ; Wiebe et al ). Anomalies were calculated for the entire grid and separately for different subregions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anomaly Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental controls on pteropod biogeography along the Western Antarctic Peninsula

Thibodeau

Steinberg

Stammerjohn

et al. 2018

Limnology & Oceanography

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Pteropods are abundant zooplankton in the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) and important grazers of phytoplankton and prey for higher trophic levels. We analyzed long-term trends in summer (January-February) abundance of WAP pteropods in relation to environmental controls (sea ice, sea surface temperature, climate indices, phytoplankton biomass and productivity, and carbonate chemistry) and interspecies dynamics using general linear models. There was no overall directional trend in abundance of thecosomes, Limacina helicina antarctica and Clio pyramidata, throughout the entire WAP, although L. antarctica abundance increased in the slope region and C. pyramidata abundance increased in the South. High L. antarctica abundance was strongly tied to a negative Multivariate El Niño Southern Oscillation Index the previous year. C. pyramidata abundance was best explained by early sea ice retreat 1-yr prior. Abundance of the gymnosome species, Clione antarctica and Spongiobranchaea australis, increased over the time series, particularly in the slope region. Gymnosome abundance was positively influenced by abundance of their prey, L. antarctica, during the same season, and late sea ice advance 2-yr prior. These trends indicate a shorter ice season promotes longer periods of open water in spring/summer favoring all pteropod species. Weak relationships were found between pteropod abundance and carbonate chemistry, and no long-term trend in carbonate parameters was detected. These factors indicate ocean acidification is not presently influencing WAP pteropod abundance. Pteropods are responsive to the considerable environmental variability on both temporal and spatial scales-key for predicting future effects of climate change on regional carbon cycling and plankton trophic interactions.

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A_{y}^{'}

) for each pteropod taxon and year in the time series was calculated using the following formula:

A_{y}^{'} = \log_{10} false[\overset{A_{y}}{true} / \overset{A}{true} false]

where

\overset{A_{normaly}}{true}

is the mean abundance for year y , and

\overset{A}{true}

is the mean of the yearly means (O'Brien et al ; Steinberg et al ; Wiebe et al ). Anomalies were calculated for the entire grid and separately for different subregions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anomaly Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental controls on pteropod biogeography along the Western Antarctic Peninsula

Thibodeau

Steinberg

Stammerjohn

et al. 2018

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…One possible strategy is harvesting from the lower trophic levels of the aquatic communities, and exploiting species, such as amphipods, copepods, daphnia, and total zooplankton. Each year, hundreds of millions of tons of various zooplanktons are produced, but only a small portion is harvested [26]. These aquatic organisms have recently attracted the scientific interest of aquaculture researchers because they are considered a rich source of animal protein and omega-3 fatty acids [27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization Use of Amphipod Meal, Gammarus pulex, as a Fishmeal Substitute on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Histological and Histometric Indices of the Gut, and Economic Revenue of Grey Mullet

Ashour

Abo-Taleb

Hassan

et al. 2021

JMSE

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The future of aquaculture development is directed toward high intensification to overcome the decline in natural fishing and to provide enough protein for the increasing world population. The spread of aquaculture production and intensification requires the search for high-quality, new efficient feed ingredients with low cost and sustainable importance. Therefore, the current study aimed to detect the effects of partial or total replacement of fishmeal with amphipod meal, Gammarus pulex, on growth performance, survival percent, feed utilization, histological alteration of intestine and liver, and economic yield of grey mullet, Mugil cephalus, fry. Five diets were formulated to contain 100% fishmeal (FM), or FM replaced with 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% amphipod meal (APM) (D0, D25, D50, D75, and D100, respectively). A total of 300 grey mullet fry (0.097 ± 0.001 g), were divided into five groups (three replicates each) at an initial stocking density of 20 fry per aquaria (100 L). The aquarium’s water is renewed at a rate of 30% daily. During a 60-day experimental period, the feeding rate was 20% of body weight, which was introduced as five meals per day. Fish fed D50 achieved the highest significant values of final weight (1.80 g), weight gain (1.70 g), survival (86.67%), final length (4.47 cm), and length gain (2.06 cm). In addition, the feed utilization of diets containing increasing substitution levels of FM showed that the highest protein intake (0.82 g ish−1), protein efficiency ratio (0.83), protein productive value (30.65%), and the lowest significant feed conversion ratio (1.21) were recorded with D50. The dose-response study revealed that the best substitution levels could range between 50% and 75%. Histological observations confirmed that the highest number of goblet cells and intestinal villi were recorded in the group fed D50. No pathological effect was observed in the liver at all substitution levels. In terms of economic efficiency, the best economic conversion ratio was recorded in the group fed D50. This study confirmed that 50% partial substitution of FM with APM is the ideal replacement level for grey mullet fry. In addition, the use of a new renewable alternative, such as APM to substitute FM, could relieve the pressure on the capture of wild fish and reduce the environmental impact of inland aquaculture.

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“…Nets are incapable of making these measurements as they integrate observations over tens of meters vertically and filter hundreds of cubic meters of water. Although multiple net systems exist (e.g., MOCNESS, Wiebe et al, 1976Wiebe et al, , 1985Wiebe et al, , 2016Coupled Asymmetrical MOCNESS, Guigand et al, 2005;Mininess, Reid et al, 1987), stratified sampling by net systems is usually performed relative to depth. Vertical displacements of isopycnals and organisms due to internal waves are aliased by such sampling methods, and relationships of the organism distributions to other variables such as density are lost (Banse, 1964).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Vertical Distributions of Chl-a Fluorescence, Marine Snow, and Taxon-Specific Zooplankton in Relation to Density Using High-Resolution Optical Measurements

et al. 2020

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Interactions between predators and their prey are important in shaping planktonic ecosystems. However, these interactions are difficult to assess in situ at the spatial scales relevant to the organisms. This work presents high spatial resolution observations of the nighttime vertical distributions of individual zooplankton, chlorophylla fluorescence, and marine snow in stratified coastal waters of the Southern California Bight. Data were obtained using a planar laser imaging fluorometer (PLIF) augmented with a shadowgraph zooplankton imaging system (O-Cam) mounted along with ancillary sensors on a free-descent platform. Fluorometer and PLIF sensors detected two well-defined and distinct peaks: the subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) and a fluorescent particle maximum (FPM) dominated by large marine snow. The O-Cam imaging system allows reliable estimates of concentrations of crustacean and gelatinous zooplankton groups; we found that grazers and their predators had well-structured nighttime distributions in and around the SCM and FPM in ways that suggested potential predator avoidance at the peak of the SCM and immediately above the FPM (where predatory hydromedusae, and to some degree euphausiids, were primarily located). Calanoid copepods were found above the SCM while cyclopoids were associated with the FPM. The locations of predator and grazer concentration peaks suggest that their dynamics may control the vertical gradients defining the SCM and FPM.

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The ICES Working Group on Zooplankton Ecology: Accomplishments of the first 25 years

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Environmental controls on pteropod biogeography along the Western Antarctic Peninsula

Environmental controls on pteropod biogeography along the Western Antarctic Peninsula

Valorization Use of Amphipod Meal, Gammarus pulex, as a Fishmeal Substitute on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Histological and Histometric Indices of the Gut, and Economic Revenue of Grey Mullet

Comparing Vertical Distributions of Chl-a Fluorescence, Marine Snow, and Taxon-Specific Zooplankton in Relation to Density Using High-Resolution Optical Measurements

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