The ice nucleation ability of one of the most abundant types of fungal spores found in the atmosphere

Iannone, R.; Chernoff, D. I.; Pringle, Anne; Martin, Scot T.; Bertram, A. K.

doi:10.5194/acpd-10-24621-2010

Cited by 20 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…tritici , respectively. Also included for comparison are results for homogeneous freezing (× symbols), determined with the same experimental apparatus and using similar droplet sizes as the current study [ Iannone et al ., ]. Because the freezing temperatures for the droplets containing spores are significantly warmer than homogeneous freezing temperatures, Figure illustrates that the spores act as heterogeneous IN.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ice nucleation properties of rust and bunt fungal spores and their transport to high altitudes, where they can cause heterogeneous freezing

et al. 2013

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[1] Rust and bunt spores that act as ice nuclei (IN) could change the formation characteristics and properties of ice-containing clouds. In addition, ice nucleation on rust and bunt spores, followed by precipitation, may be an important removal mechanism of these spores from the atmosphere. Using an optical microscope, we studied the ice nucleation properties of spores from four rust species (Puccinia graminis, Puccinia triticina, Puccinia allii, and Endocronartium harknesssii) and two bunt species (Tilletia laevis and Tilletia tritici) immersed in water droplets. We show that the cumulative number of IN per spore is 5 × 10 À3 , 0.01, and 0.10 at temperatures of roughly À24°C, À25°C, and À28°C, respectively. Using a particle dispersion model, we also investigated if these rust and bunt spores will reach high altitudes in the atmosphere where they can cause heterogeneous freezing. Simulations suggest that after 3 days and during periods of high spore production, between 6 and 9% of 15 μm particles released over agricultural regions in Kansas (U.S.), North Dakota (U.S.), Saskatchewan (Canada), and Manitoba (Canada) can reach at least 6 km in altitude. An altitude of 6 km corresponds to a temperature of roughly À25°C for the sites chosen. The combined results suggest that (a) ice nucleation by these fungal spores could play a role in the removal of these particles from the atmosphere and (b) ice nucleation by these rust and bunt spores are unlikely to compete with mineral dust on a global and annual scale at an altitude of approximately 6 km.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The apparatus used to study freezing has been described in detail by Iannone et al . [] as well as other publications [ Dymarska et al ., ; Koop et al ., ; Wheeler and Bertram , ], so only a brief description will be presented here. A flow cell coupled to an optical microscope (Zeiss Axiolab A, 10× objective) was used to measure freezing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice nucleation properties of rust and bunt fungal spores and their transport to high altitudes, where they can cause heterogeneous freezing

et al. 2013

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“…A number of fungi (both free living and lichen fungi) were found to nucleate ice at temperatures comparable to INA bacteria (Table 6), some even at (18C. Fungal spores, which are more likely to become airborne than other parts of the fungal thallus, have been observed to nucleate ice at lower temperatures ( (10 to ( 28.58C, Jayaweera and Flanagan, 1982;Iannone et al, 2011). Lichen photobionts (algae or cyanobacteria) are in general less efficient IN than the corresponding lichen fungi (Kieft and Ahmadjian, 1989).…”

Section: Pbap As Ice Nucleimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ergosterol) compounds that have thus been utilised as chemical tracers for ambient fungal spore concentrations (Lau et al, 2006;Bauer et al, 2007). Spores can also be coated with hydrophobin compounds that may affect both, their icenucleating ability (Iannone et al, 2011) and the immune response they cause after human inhalation (Aimanianda et al, 2009). Depending on biological species, age and ambient conditions, the diameter of fungal spores can vary (Â1Á 50 mm); most frequently it is in the range of 2Á10 mm (Elbert et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2008;Huffman et al, 2010).…”

Section: Fungal Spores and Fragmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary biological aerosol particles in the atmosphere: a review

Després¹,

Huffman

Burrows³

et al. 2012

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

1,170

1,114

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A B S T R A C T Atmospheric aerosol particles of biological origin are a very diverse group of biological materials and structures, including microorganisms, dispersal units, fragments and excretions of biological organisms. In recent years, the impact of biological aerosol particles on atmospheric processes has been studied with increasing intensity, and a wealth of new information and insights has been gained. This review outlines the current knowledge on major categories of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP): bacteria and archaea, fungal spores and fragments, pollen, viruses, algae and cyanobacteria, biological crusts and lichens and others like plant or animal fragments and detritus. We give an overview of sampling methods and physical, chemical and biological techniques for PBAP analysis (cultivation, microscopy, DNA/RNA analysis, chemical tracers, optical and mass spectrometry, etc.). Moreover, we address and summarise the current understanding and open questions concerning the influence of PBAP on the atmosphere and climate, i.e. their optical properties and their ability to act as ice nuclei (IN) or cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). We suggest that the following research activities should be pursued in future studies of atmospheric biological aerosol particles: (1) develop efficient and reliable analytical techniques for the identification and quantification of PBAP; (2) apply advanced and standardised techniques to determine the abundance and diversity of PBAP and their seasonal variation at regional and global scales (atmospheric biogeography); (3) determine the emission rates, optical properties, IN and CCN activity of PBAP in field measurements and laboratory experiments; (4) use field and laboratory data to constrain numerical models of atmospheric transport, transformation and climate effects of PBAP.

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“…Ice nuclei (IN) in the atmosphere are required to catalyze cloud ice formation at proper conditions. Since some kinds of bioaerosols can act as ice nuclei even at temperatures warm than -10°C (Schnell and Vali, 1972;Diehl et al, 2001;Iannone et al, 2011;Knopf et al, 2011;Morris et al, 2013;Joly et al, 2014), bioaerosols as an important component of aerosols in the atmosphere have been paid much more attentions over the past decades (Schnell and Vali, 1972;Diehl et al, 2001;Iannone et al, 2011;Knopf et al, 2011;Morris et al, 2013). Ice nucleation-active bioaerosols have widely been found in different regions and climates (Schnell and Vali, 1976;Christner et al, 2008a;Christner et al, 2008b;Pratt et al, 2009;Conen et al, 2011;Garcia et al, 2012;Burrows et al, 2013;Huffman et al, 2013;Monteil et al, 2014;O'Sullivan et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Study of Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants on Ice Nucleation Activity of Bacteria

Wang

Sun

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Ice nuclei of some bacterial origin as ice catalysts can initiate ice nucleation at temperatures as warm as -2°C in certain laboratory experiments. The ice nucleation activities of airborne bacteria in the real atmosphere may be different from those experiments. To estimate the impact of typical atmospheric pollutants including monocarboxylic acids (MCAs), dicarboxylic acids (DCAs) and ammonia sulfate on ice nucleation activity of P.syringae pv lachrymans and P.syringae pv.panici, we have conducted some experiments by means of the modified Vali's droplet freezing testing method in the immersion freezing mode with the mixture of the pure water and the polluted water. Our results show that the ice nucleation activity of bacterial origins can be regulated by such pollutant compounds even though the onset freezing temperatures of water droplets mainly depend on the concentrations of ice nucleation-active bacteria. Atmospheric acids can decrease ice nucleation activity of P.syringae pv lachrymans and P.syringae pv.panici. However, the onset freezing temperatures of water droplets immersed with ice nucleation-active P.syringae pv lachrymans will be enhanced by the low concentration of such atmospheric pollutants.

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The ice nucleation ability of one of the most abundant types of fungal spores found in the atmosphere

Cited by 20 publications

References 94 publications

Ice nucleation properties of rust and bunt fungal spores and their transport to high altitudes, where they can cause heterogeneous freezing

Ice nucleation properties of rust and bunt fungal spores and their transport to high altitudes, where they can cause heterogeneous freezing

Primary biological aerosol particles in the atmosphere: a review

Laboratory Study of Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants on Ice Nucleation Activity of Bacteria

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