The Ice Coverage of Earth-like Planets Orbiting FGK Stars

Wilhelm, Caitlyn; Barnes, Rory; Deitrick, Russell; Mellman, Rachel

doi:10.3847/psj/ac3b61

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Figures 3 and 4 illustrate the envisioned parameter spaces for both warm start and cold start (see the next experiment) conditions, using VPLanet/ POISE and ESTM, respectively. Figure 3 is reproduced from Wilhelm et al (2022).…”

Section: Experiments 1: G-dwarf Warm Startmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The semimajor axis ranges are listed in Table 3 and are calibrated to cover the same range of instellation as Experiments 1 and 2. Changing the semimajor axis has the added effect of changing the year length, which has been established as an important parameter in energy balance modeling (Rose et al 2017;Wilhelm et al 2022). The settings will otherwise be identical to those in Experiments 1 and 2.…”

Section: Experiments 1a and 2a: Orbit Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are two potential flavors of this experiment-one in which the orbital period is varied with the instellation (appropriate for a G dwarf host star), and one in which the orbital period is held at 365 days. An example bifurcation diagram is shown in Figure 5, using data from Wilhelm et al (2022) and VPLanet/POISE.…”

Section: Experiments 3: Bifurcation Diagram Varying Instellationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first application to hypothetical exoplanets was done in Williams & Kasting (1997). A number of subsequent works have studied potentially habitable exoplanets with diverse orbits and rotational properties (Spiegel et al 2008(Spiegel et al , 2009(Spiegel et al , 2010Dressing et al 2010;Armstrong et al 2014;Forgan 2014Forgan , 2016May & Rauscher 2016;Checlair et al 2017;Rose et al 2017;Silva et al 2017;Deitrick et al 2018;Haqq-Misra et al 2019;Okuya et al 2019;Palubski et al 2020;Yadavalli et al 2020;Wilhelm et al 2022). Others have focused on atmospheric or surface properties (Shields et al 2013;Vladilo et al 2013;Haqq-Misra 2014;Kadoya & Tajika 2014, 2016Menou 2015;Haqq-Misra et al 2016;Ramirez & Levi 2018;Rushby et al 2019;Ramirez 2020a;Bonati & Ramirez 2021;Haqq-Misra & Hayworth 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functionality of Ice Line Latitudinal EBM Tenacity (FILLET). Protocol Version 1.0. A CUISINES Intercomparison Project

et al. 2023

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Energy balance models (EBMs) are 1D or 2D climate models that can provide insights into planetary atmospheres, particularly with regard to habitability. Because EBMs are far less computationally intensive than 3D general circulation models (GCMs), they can be run over large uncertain parameter spaces and can be used to explore long-period phenomena, like carbon and Milankovitch cycles. Because horizontal dimensions are incorporated in EBMs, they can explore processes that are beyond the reach of 1D radiative-convective models (RCMs). EBMs are, however, dependent on parameterizations and tunings to account for physical processes that are neglected. Thus, EBMs rely on observations and results from GCMs and RCMs. Different EBMs have included a wide range of parameterizations (for albedo, radiation, and heat diffusion) and additional physics, such as carbon cycling and ice sheets. This CUISINES exoplanet model intercomparison project (exoMIP) will compare various EBMs across a set of numerical experiments. The set of experiments will include Earth-like planets at different obliquities, parameter sweeps across obliquity, and variations in instellation and CO2 abundance, to produce hysteresis diagrams. We expect a range of different results due to the choices made in the various codes, highlighting which results are robust across models and which are dependent on parameterizations or other modeling choices. Additionally, the project will allow developers to identify model defects and determine which parameterizations are most useful or relevant to the problem of interest. Ultimately, this exoMIP will allow us to improve the consistency between EBMs and accelerate the process of discovering habitable exoplanets.

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Section: Experiments 1: G-dwarf Warm Startmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experiments 1a and 2a: Orbit Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experiments 3: Bifurcation Diagram Varying Instellationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functionality of Ice Line Latitudinal EBM Tenacity (FILLET). Protocol Version 1.0. A CUISINES Intercomparison Project

et al. 2023

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“…Cold ocean planets may be plentiful in extrasolar planetary systems and common throughout the Galaxy (Ehrenreich et al 2006;Ehrenreich & Cassan 2007;Tjoa et al 2020); their interior structures and compositions may resemble those of the large icy moons in our outer solar system (Tajika 2008;Fu et al 2010;Vance et al 2015;Yang et al 2017;Ribas et al 2018;Vance et al 2020;Kane et al 2021). Despite their ice-covered surfaces, these planets may be astrobiologically significant worlds, with habitable environments in subsurface oceans (Heller & Armstrong 2014;Wilhelm et al 2022) or in waterfilled reservoirs perched within their ice shells (e.g., see Fagents et al 2000;Schmidt et al 2011;Muñoz-Iglesias et al 2013;Manga & Michaut 2017;Lesage et al 2020;Chivers et al 2021;Quick et al 2021). Indeed, both of these scenarios are possible for Jupiter's moon Europa (Ruiz et al 2007;Hand et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for Cryovolcanic Activity on Cold Ocean Planets

Quick,

Roberge,

Mendoza

et al. 2023

ApJ

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We have estimated total internal heating rates and depths to possible subsurface oceans for 17 planets that may be cold ocean planets, low-mass exoplanets with equilibrium surface temperatures and/or densities that are consistent with icy surfaces and a substantial H2O content. We have also investigated the potential for tidally driven cryovolcanism and exosphere formation on these worlds. Estimated internal heating rates from tidal and radiogenic sources are large enough that all planets in our study may harbor subsurface oceans, and their geological activity rates are likely to exceed the geological activity rates on Jupiter’s moon Europa. Several planets are likely to experience enhanced volcanic activity rates that exceed that of Io. Owing to their relatively thin ice shells and high rates of internal heating, Proxima Cen b and LHS 1140 b are the most favorable candidates for telescopic detection of explosive, tidally driven cryovolcanism. Estimates for thin ice shells on Proxima Cen b, LHS 1140 b, Trappist-1f, and several Kepler planets suggest that any H2O vented into space during explosive cryovolcanic eruptions on these worlds could be sourced directly from their subsurface oceans. Like the icy moons in our outer solar system, cold ocean planets may be astrobiologically significant worlds that harbor habitable environments beneath their icy surfaces. These possibilities should be considered during analyses of observational data for small exoplanets from current and upcoming telescopes and during planning for a future space telescope mission aimed at characterization of potentially habitable exoplanets (e.g., Habitable Worlds Observatory).

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Astroecology: bridging the gap between ecology and astrobiology

Meurer,

Haqq-Misra,

Mendonça

2023

International Journal of Astrobiology

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Although astrobiology studies how life functions and evolves, ecology is still largely overlooked in astrobiology research. Here we present an argument for astroecology, a merger of ecology and astrobiology, a self-aware scientific endeavour. Ecology is rarely mentioned in influential documents like the NASA Astrobiology Strategy (2015), and terms such as ‘niche’ can end up being used in a less precise fashion. As ecology deals with sequential levels of organization, we suggest astrobiologically-relevant problems for each of these levels. Organismal ecology provides ecological niche modelling, which can aid in evaluating the probability that Earth-like life would survive in extraterrestrial environments. Population ecology provides a gamut of models on the consequences of dispersal, and if lithopanspermia can be validated as a form of space dispersal for life, then metabiospheres and similar astrobiological models could be developed to understand such complex structure and dynamics. From community ecology, the discussion of habitability should include the concept of true vacant habitats (a misnomer, perhaps better called ‘will-dwells’) and contributions from the blossoming field of microbial ecology. Understanding ecosystems by focusing on abiotic properties is also key to extrapolating from analogue environments on Earth to extraterrestrial ones. Energy sources and their distribution are relevant for ecological gradients, such as the biodiversity latitudinal gradient – would tropics be species-rich in other inhabited planets? Finally, biosphere ecology deals with integration and feedback between living and non-living systems, which can generate stabilized near-optimal planetary conditions (Gaia); but would this work for other inhabited planets? Are there ‘strong’ (like Earth) and ‘weak’ (perhaps like Mars) biospheres? We hope to show ecology can contribute relevant ideas to the interdisciplinary field of astrobiology, helping conceptualize further levels of integration. We encourage new partnerships and for astrobiologists to take ecology into account when studying the origin, evolution and distribution of life in the universe.

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The Ice Coverage of Earth-like Planets Orbiting FGK Stars

Cited by 5 publications

References 56 publications

Functionality of Ice Line Latitudinal EBM Tenacity (FILLET). Protocol Version 1.0. A CUISINES Intercomparison Project

Functionality of Ice Line Latitudinal EBM Tenacity (FILLET). Protocol Version 1.0. A CUISINES Intercomparison Project

Prospects for Cryovolcanic Activity on Cold Ocean Planets

Astroecology: bridging the gap between ecology and astrobiology

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