The Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite – 2 mission: A global geolocated photon product derived from the Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System

Neumann, Thomas; Martino, Anthony J.; Markus, T.; Bae, Sung Heui; Bock, Megan R.; Brenner, Anita C.; Brunt, Kelly M.; Cavanaugh, John F.; Fernandes, Stanley T; Hancock, D. W.; Harbeck, Kaitlin; Lee, Jeffrey; Kurtz, N. T.; Luers, Philip J.; Luthcke, S. B.; Magruder, Lori A.; Pennington, T.; Ramos-Izquierdo, Luis; Rebold, T. W.; Skoog, Jonah; Thomas, Taylor

doi:10.1016/j.rse.2019.111325

Cited by 359 publications

(339 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Track pairs (GT1, GT2, and GT3) are always numbered from left to right relative to direction of travel while the beam numbers and strength of the beams (W—weak and S—strong), fixed to the ATLAS instrument, do not change with orientation of the observatory. (b and c) Adapted from Figure of Neumann et al (). GT = ground track; ATLAS = Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System.…”

Section: Data Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table shows the expected ATLAS photon rates (in number of surface photon returned per shot) from sea ice with different surface reflectance based on prelaunch calculations (Neumann et al, ). For the dark surfaces in sea ice leads, the transmitted strong/weak laser energies in ATLAS were designed to obtain returns of ~0.2–1.0 and ~0.05–0.2 signal photons per shot in the strong and weak beams, respectively.…”

Section: Surface Heights In Atl07mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All heights in ATL07 are referenced to the WGS84 ellipsoid but with the following time-variable geophysical effects removed: ocean tides, solid earth tides, load tides, solid earth pole tides, inverted barometer effect, and the mean sea surface. The models used to provide these corrections can be found in Neumann et al (2018). Of note is that the heights have been corrected for an effect referred to as first-photon bias (Neumann et al, 2018), which is due to the detector characteristic of this type of lidar.…”

Section: Surface Heights (Atl07)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The models used to provide these corrections can be found in Neumann et al (2018). Of note is that the heights have been corrected for an effect referred to as first-photon bias (Neumann et al, 2018), which is due to the detector characteristic of this type of lidar. First-photon bias refers to a height bias, introduced by the photon-counting detectors, that depends on signal strength.…”

Section: Surface Heights (Atl07)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Height and Sea Ice Freeboard of the Arctic Ocean From ICESat‐2: Characteristics and Early Results

et al. 2019

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We present the first winter season of surface height and sea ice freeboards of the Arctic Ocean from the new Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat‐2; IS‐2) mission. The Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System onboard has six photon‐counting beams for surface profiling with a 10‐kHz pulse rate (interpulse distance ~0.7 m) and footprints of ~17 m. Geolocated heights assigned to individual photons scattered from the surface allow significant flexibility in the construction of height distributions used in surface finding. For IS‐2 sea ice products, a fixed 150‐photon aggregate is used to control height precision and obtain better along‐track resolution over high reflectance surfaces. Quasi‐specular returns in openings as narrow as ~27 m, crucial for freeboard calculations, are resolved. The fixed photon aggregate results in unique variable along‐track resolutions and nonuniform sampling (17 m × 27 m to 17 m × 200 m for the strong beams) of the surface. The six profiling beams—three pairs separated by 3.3 km with a strong and weak beam in each pair—provide correlated statistics at regional length scales for assessment of beam‐to‐beam retrieval consistency and accuracy. Analysis shows along‐track height precisions of ~2 cm and agreement in the monthly freeboard distributions across the strong beams to 1–2 cm. In this paper, we describe briefly the approaches used in surface height and freeboard retrievals from Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System photon clouds and detail the key features of these along‐track sea ice products, focusing on the first release of data collected over the Arctic Ocean, which spans the period between 14 October 2018—the start of data collection—and the end of March 2019.

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Section: Data Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Surface Heights In Atl07mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Surface Heights (Atl07)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Surface Heights (Atl07)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Height and Sea Ice Freeboard of the Arctic Ocean From ICESat‐2: Characteristics and Early Results

et al. 2019

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“…In seeking out the land and sea ice question, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration established the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite 2 (ICESat-2) mission as the successor to the original ICESat mission (2003-2009Schutz et al, 2005) with the goal of providing high spatial and temporal coverage of the Earth's polar regions. An overview of the mission requirements and primary scientific goals of ICESat-2 are described in Markus et al (2017) with an initial overview of performance in Magruder et al (2019) and Neumann et al (2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Resolution Ocean Wave and Wind Characteristics Determined by the ICESat‐2 Land Surface Algorithm

Klotz

Neuenschwander

Magruder

2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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The Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite 2 (ICESat‐2) is a revolutionary remote sensing tool designed to provide high‐resolution height estimates of the Earth's surface. The photon counting LiDAR instrument onboard collects data over various surfaces and provides detailed information on regions where present observations are sparse or nonexistent. ICESat‐2 is initiating a wave of new science, and this study examines a methodology for deriving ocean surface wave and wind characteristics. Using a modified version of the ICESat‐2 land surface algorithm, individual waves are mapped along the ICESat‐2 track. Significant wave features, associated ocean wind speed, and wave energy spectra are determined from the ocean data. Validation against trustworthy data sources indicate the root mean squared error of significant wave heights is 0.3 m and is 2.4 m s−1 for wind speed. Wave spectra are more variable but peak swell and wind seas generally agree within ±8–13% of buoy estimates.

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Applications ofICESat‐2Photon Data in the Third Pole Environment

Dandabathula

2022

Advances in Remote Sensing Technology and the Three Poles

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The Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite – 2 mission: A global geolocated photon product derived from the Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System

Cited by 359 publications

References 22 publications

Surface Height and Sea Ice Freeboard of the Arctic Ocean From ICESat‐2: Characteristics and Early Results

Surface Height and Sea Ice Freeboard of the Arctic Ocean From ICESat‐2: Characteristics and Early Results

High‐Resolution Ocean Wave and Wind Characteristics Determined by the ICESat‐2 Land Surface Algorithm

Applications ofICESat‐2Photon Data in the Third Pole Environment

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