The Iberian Species of <I>Scilla</I> (Subfamily Scilloideae, Family Asparagaceae) Under Climatic Change Scenarios in Southwestern Europe

Abstract

Hierbas perennes, bulbosas, glabras -raramente pelosas en especies extraibéri-cas-. Bulbo de ovoide a globoso, en general tunicado, con túnicas externas membranáceas, libres, que se renuevan progresivamente cada año, o más raramente escamoso. Tallo escaposo, simple, 1-4(5) por bulbo, de sección circular, macizo o parcialmente hueco. Hojas todas basales, de estrechamente lineares a oblongas, nervadura principal paralelinervia, sésiles, envainadoras. Inflorescencia en racimo o corimbiforme; brácteas 1 por pedicelo, membranáceas, de blancas a pardo-violetas, persistentes o caedizas, manifiestas y de lineares a lanceolado-subuladas, o bien escuamiformes y de ovales a triangulares, o bien sin brácteas; pedicelos no articulados, sin bractéolas. Flores hermafroditas, trímeras, actinomorfas. Perianto de estrellado a campanulado, formado por 6 tépalos de libres o levemente connados en la base, subiguales, lanceolados o elípticos, azulados, violetas, rosados, de color lila, ± purpúreos o raramente blanquecinos, caedizos, a veces tarde. Androceo con 6 estambres, insertos en la base de los tépalos, subiguales; filamentos de estrechamente lanceolados a ovado-lanceolados, enteros, glabros; anteras oblongas u ovales, dorsifijas, introrsas, con dehiscencia longitudinal. Gineceo con 3 carpelos soldados en ovario súpero, sésil o muy cortamente estipitado, trilocular; estilo 1, filiforme o cilíndrico; estigma de capitado a punctiforme, muy levemente trilobado. Fruto en cápsula loculicida, de ovoide a globosa, trígona, con 1-10 semillas por lóculo. Semillas de ovoides a globosas, finamente rugosas, negras, ± brillantes, a veces con eleosoma.Observaciones.-Género de circunscripción difícil y aún imprecisa, que en su sentido más tradicional incluye alrededor de 50 especies que se extienden por Eurasia y las zonas templadas de África. Números básicos propuestos: x = 4, 5, 6, 7 y 9.Estudios recientes indican que Scilla puede ser un género polifilético. Se han propuesto diferentes tratamientos taxonómicos -apoyados en datos cariológicos, morfológicos y moleculares [cf.

Phenotypic strategies for Jasione L. or the challenge that taxonomy face to recent floristic responses along western Eurasia

“…These results are in line with those obtained for Baldellia, Dianthus, Scilla, or Ononis, in the same area (Rocha et al 2012b;Almeida da Silva et al 2014;Rocha et al 2018;Castro et al , 2020. In these cases, morphological fluctuations also overlapped, and no significance was detected for their environmental characterization either.…”

Biogeographic divergences in the Iberian flora. A morpho-anatomic,ISSR-based, and environmental study of Iberian Buxus sempervirens L.

“…This environmental process provides the biogeographic advance of flora from northern to southern and the existence of micro refuges (Di Domenico et al, 2012) and reinforces the existence of two different biogeographic dynamics, one occident and the other oriental (Rodríguez-Sánchez et al, 2010), during the glacial periods. In contrast, opposite dynamics from south to north occurred during the interglacial periods, as described on the western side of the Iberian Peninsula and northwestern Morocco (Almeida da Silva et al, 2014), limited on the eastern side by the biological Almeria border (Hernández Bermejo and Saínz Ollero, 1984). Based on these descriptions about recent patterns of flora in the Iberian Peninsula, two different biogeographic routes are observed: one from the Pyrenees westward along the Cantabrian Mountains system and the other by the eastern mountains system with access to the Central Mountains of the Iberian Peninsula.…”

“…This is a genus of exogenous origin that reached Western Europe by glacial dynamics (Di Domenico et al, 2011). Studies of the glacial/interglacial genetic flow between the Iberian Peninsula and the Western Mediterranean areas of several plant species have stated the important concentration of floristic diversity in the Iberian Peninsula, as a result of climatic change's impact on the chorology of unrelated floristic groups, and revealed biogeographic similarities of several taxa (Almeida da Silva et al, 2014). In this context, a better understanding of the natural migration flows from Eastern Europe and the Middle East penetrating the Iberian Peninsula, and their implications on diversification in situ highlighted by the genus Buxus are of remarkable interest.…”

Long-term monitoring of B-chromosome invasion and neutralization in a population ofProspero autumnale(Asparagaceae)

“…; Almeida da Silva and Crespi ; Almeida da Silva et al. ; Jang ). Reproduction of this plant is exclusively by seeds (Ainsworth ), and we never found vegetatively produced bulbs.…”