The IAEA handbook on radionuclide transfer to wildlife

Howard, B.J.; Beresford, N.A.; Copplestone, David; Telleria, D.; Proehl, G.; Fesenko, S.; Jeffree, Ross A.; Yankovich, T.L.; Brown, Justin; Higley, Kathryn A.; Johansen, Mathew P.; Mulye, H.; Vandenhove, Hildegarde; Gashchak, Sergey; Wood, Michael D.; Takata, Hyoe; Andersson, Pål; Dale, Patricia Ellen; Ryan, Judy; Bollhöfer, Andreas; Doering, Che; Barnett, C.L.; Wells, C.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.01.027

Cited by 97 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The CR wo-soil values for the RAPs were derived from the database described by Copplestone et al (in-press) which has also been used to derive CR wo-media values for a forthcoming IAEA handbook presenting radionuclide transfer values for wildlife (Howard et al 2013;Yankovich et al in-press). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer parameters for ICRP reference animals and plants collected from a forest ecosystem

Barnett¹,

Beresford²,

Walker³

et al. 2013

Radiat Environ Biophys

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer parameters for ICRP reference animals and plants collected from a forest ecosystem

Barnett¹,

Beresford²,

Walker³

et al. 2013

Radiat Environ Biophys

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“…We have made a simple attempt to allow for this by considering the number of data (below and above 10 and the number of reference sources contributing to the GM value). However, clearly a more rigorous analysis considering the variation in the data and whether the data are from a variety of different sites or not (where this information is known) would also help to assess the robustness of the CRwo-soil value given in the ICRP and IAEA documents (ICRP 2009;Howard et al 2013;Wood et al 2013). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 3 summarises the mean values, minima and maxima, and number of available data for each CRwo-soil value for Wildlife -TRS groups similar to the RAPs (see Howard et al, 2013). There are a few mean (GM or AM) CRwo-soil values in the Wildlife -TRS (Howard et al, 2013) which exceed a value of 1 for organisms relevant to RAPs. The number of CRwo-soil values is greater than in Table 1, as the group/subcategory contain species which are not members of the Family defined for each RAP.…”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For most radioisotopes, the CRwo-media for terrestrial ecosystems has been defined, at equilibrium (Howard et al, 2013), as …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the past decade, CRwo-soil values have been used in two frequently used, freely available assessment tools: RESRAD Biota (USDOE, 2002(USDOE, , 2004 and the ERICA Tool Beresford et al, 2008;Hosseini et al, 2008). Recently, an online database has been produced (http://www.wildlifetransferdatabase.org/) (Copplestone et al, 2013) which has been used to derive CRwo-soil values by: (i) an IAEA EMRAS II Working Group to produce a handbook of wildlife transfer parameters (Wildlife -TRS) (IAEA, 2013;Howard et al, 2013) and (ii) the ICRP for a report on transfer of radionuclides to selected Reference Animals and Plants (RAPs) (ICRP, 2009) (see below).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring methods to prioritise concentration ratios when estimating weighted absorbed dose rates to terrestrial Reference Animals and Plants

Howard

Wells

Beresford

et al. 2013

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

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The ICRP and IAEA have recently reported Concentration Ratio values (CRwo-mediaequilibrium radionuclide activity concentration in whole organism divided by that in media) for Reference Animals and Plants (RAPs) and a wide range of organism groups, respectively, based on a common online database. Given the large number of data gaps in both publications, there is a need to develop methods for identifying the relative importance of improving currently available CRwo-media values. A simple, transparent approach involving the derivation and comparison of predicted internal and external weighted absorbed dose rates for radionuclides considered by ICRP (2009) for terrestrial RAPs is presented. Using the approach of applying a reference value of CRwo-soil = 1 or using the maximum reported values where CRwo-soil >1, we provisionally identify terrestrial radionuclide RAP combinations which could be considered low priority, notably: Ca, Cr and Ni consistently; Mn for all RAPs except Deer and Pine Tree; and Tc for all RAPs but Wild Grass. Equally, we can systematically identify high priority elements and radioisotopes, which largely, but not exclusively, consist of alpha-emitters (especially isotopes of Ra and Th, but also consistently Am, Cf, Cm, Np, Pa, Po, Pu, U). The analysis highlights the importance of the radiation weighting factor default assumption of 10 for alphaemitters in the ERICA Tool when comparing the magnitude of the internal dose and trying to identify high priority RAP-isotope combinations. If the unweighted Dose Conversion Coefficient (DCC) values are considered, those for alpha-emitters are often one order of magnitude higher than those due to some beta-gamma emitters for terrestrial RAPs, whereas with the radiation weighting factor applied they are two orders of magnitude higher.1.

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Assessment of radium‐226 bioavailability and bioaccumulation downstream of decommissioned uranium operations, using the caged oligochaete (Lumbriculus variegatus)

Wiramanaden

Orr

Russel

2015

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The present study investigated the integrated effects of several geochemical processes that control radium-226 ((226) Ra) mobility in the aquatic environment and bioaccumulation in in situ caged benthic invertebrates. Radium-226 bioaccumulation from sediment and water was evaluated using caged oligochaetes (Lumbriculus variegatus) deployed for 10 d in 6 areas downstream of decommissioned uranium operations in Ontario and Saskatchewan, Canada. Measured (226) Ra radioactivity levels in the retrieved oligochaetes did not relate directly to water and sediment exposure levels. Other environmental factors that may influence (226) Ra bioavailability in sediment and water were investigated. The strongest mitigating influence on (226) Ra bioaccumulation factors was sediment barium concentration, with elevated barium (Ba) levels being related to use of barium chloride in effluent treatment for removing (226) Ra through barite formation. Observations from the present study also indicated that (226) Ra bioavailability was influenced by dissolved organic carbon in water, and by gypsum, carbonate minerals, and iron oxyhydroxides in sediment, suggestive of sorption processes. Environmental factors that appeared to increase (226) Ra bioaccumulation were the presence of other group (II) ions in water (likely competing for binding sites on organic carbon molecules), and the presence of K-feldspars in sediment, which likely act as a dynamic repository for (226) Ra where weak ion exchange can occur. In addition to influencing bioavailability to sediment biota, secondary minerals such as gypsum, carbonate minerals, and iron oxyhydroxides likely help mitigate (226) Ra release into overlying water after the dissolution of sedimentary barite. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:507-517. © 2014 SETAC.

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The IAEA handbook on radionuclide transfer to wildlife

Cited by 97 publications

References 59 publications

Transfer parameters for ICRP reference animals and plants collected from a forest ecosystem

Transfer parameters for ICRP reference animals and plants collected from a forest ecosystem

Exploring methods to prioritise concentration ratios when estimating weighted absorbed dose rates to terrestrial Reference Animals and Plants

Assessment of radium‐226 bioavailability and bioaccumulation downstream of decommissioned uranium operations, using the caged oligochaete (Lumbriculus variegatus)

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