The Xanthomonas type-III effector XopS stabilizes CaWRKY40a to regulate defense responses and stomatal immunity in pepper (Capsicum annuum)

Raffeiner, Margot; Üstün, Şuayib; Guerra, Tiziana; Spinti, Daniela; Fitzner, Maria; Sonnewald, Sophia; Baldermann, Susanne; Börnke, Frederik

doi:10.1093/plcell/koac032

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Since coronatine has been shown to stimulate re-opening of plant leaves’ stomata during the infection process, it will be interesting to study the contribution of these molecules to pathogenicity. Notably, strain CFBP 8444, which synthesizes these COR-like molecules, does not produce type 3 effectors, which in other xanthomonads suppress stomatal immunity (Wang et al 2021; Liu et al 2022; Raffeiner et al 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel genetic traits inXanthomonasunveiled by the complete genome sequencing of three clade-1 xanthomonads

Peduzzi

Sagia

Burokienė

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Evolutionary early-branching xanthomonads, also referred to as clade-1 xanthomonads, include major plant pathogens, most of which colonize monocotyledonous plants. Seven species have been validly described, among them the two sugarcane pathogens Xanthomonas albilineans and Xanthomonas sacchari, and Xanthomonas translucens, which infects small grain cereals, diverse grasses, but also asparagus and pistachio trees. Single-gene sequencing and genomic approaches indicated that this clade likely contains more, yet undescribed species. In this study, we sequenced representative strains of three novel species using long-read sequencing technology. Xanthomonas sp. pv. phormiicola strain CFBP 8444 causes bacterial streak on New Zealand flax, another monocotyledonous plant. Xanthomonas sp. strain CFBP 8443 has been isolated from common bean and Xanthomonas sp. strain CFBP 8445 originated from banana. Complete assemblies of the chromosomes confirmed their unique taxonomic position within clade 1 of Xanthomonas. Genome mining revealed novel genetic traits, hitherto undescribed in other members of the Xanthomonas genus. In strain CFBP 8444, we identified genes related to the synthesis of coronatine-like compounds, a phytotoxin produced by several pseudomonads, which raises interesting questions about the evolution and pathogenicity of this pathogen. In addition, strain CFBP 8444 was found to encode a second, atypical flagellar gene cluster in addition to the canonical flagellar gene cluster. Overall, this research represents an important step toward better understanding the evolutionary history and biology of early-branching xanthomonads.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel genetic traits inXanthomonasunveiled by the complete genome sequencing of three clade-1 xanthomonads

Peduzzi

Sagia

Burokienė

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Transient expression of proteins using infiltration of leaves of N. benthamiana was carried out as described (Raffeiner et al, 2022).…”

Section: Transient Expression Of Proteins In N Benthamianamentioning

confidence: 99%

XopM, a FFAT motif containing type-III effector protein fromXanthomonas, suppresses PTI responses at the plant plasma membrane

Brinkmann,

Bortlik,

Raffeiner

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Many Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria use type-III effector proteins (T3Es) as essential virulence factors to suppress host immunity and to cause disease. However, in many cases the molecular function of T3Es remains unknown. The plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) is the causal agent of bacterial spot disease on tomato and pepper plants and is known to translocate around 30 T3Es into its host cell, which collectively suppress plant defense and promote infection. XopM is an Xcv core T3E with unknown function that has no similarity to any other known protein. We found that XopM interacts with vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)-associated proteins (VAPs) in an isoform specific manner. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) integral membrane protein VAP is a common component of membrane contact sites involved in both tethering and lipid transfer by binding directly to proteins containing a FFAT [two phenylalanines (FF) in an acidic tract (AT)] motif. Sequence analyses revealed that XopM displays two FFAT motifs that cooperatively mediated the interaction of XopM with VAP. When expressed in plants, XopM supports growth of a non-pathogenic bacterial strain and dampens the production of reactive oxygen species, indicating its ability to suppress plant immunity. Further analyses revealed that the interaction with VAP and the ability to suppress PTI are structurally and functionally separable. Although XopM requires localization to the host membrane system for full PTI suppression activity. We discuss a working model in which XopM uses FFAT-motifs to target the membrane in order to interfere with early PTI responses.

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“…Similarly, the cysteine protease (CP) effector HopX1 induces JA signaling, suppressing stomatal immunity by degrading multiple JAZ transcriptional repressors, leading to the activation of JA-regulated genes [ 64 ]. The Xanthomonas campestris effector XopS stabilizes the negative regulator WRKY40, reducing the expression of its targets, which include SA response genes and the JA repressor JAZ8, preventing stomatal closure in response to bacterial elicitors [ 65 ]. These results all suggest that the JA pathway is a common target for effector regulation of stomatal defense, emphasizing the importance of overcoming stomatal defense for successful colonization by pathogens.…”

Section: Action Mechanisms Of Effectors In Plant-pathogen Interaction...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Action Mechanisms of Effectors in Plant-Pathogen Interaction

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Plant pathogens are one of the main factors hindering the breeding of cash crops. Pathogens, including oomycetes, fungus, and bacteria, secrete effectors as invasion weapons to successfully invade and propagate in host plants. Here, we review recent advances made in the field of plant-pathogen interaction models and the action mechanisms of phytopathogenic effectors. The review illustrates how effectors from different species use similar and distinct strategies to infect host plants. We classify the main action mechanisms of effectors in plant-pathogen interactions according to the infestation process: targeting physical barriers for disruption, creating conditions conducive to infestation, protecting or masking themselves, interfering with host cell physiological activity, and manipulating plant downstream immune responses. The investigation of the functioning of plant pathogen effectors contributes to improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms of plant-pathogen interactions. This understanding has important theoretical value and is of practical significance in plant pathology and disease resistance genetics and breeding.

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The Xanthomonas type-III effector XopS stabilizes CaWRKY40a to regulate defense responses and stomatal immunity in pepper (Capsicum annuum)

Cited by 28 publications

References 67 publications

Novel genetic traits inXanthomonasunveiled by the complete genome sequencing of three clade-1 xanthomonads

Novel genetic traits inXanthomonasunveiled by the complete genome sequencing of three clade-1 xanthomonads

XopM, a FFAT motif containing type-III effector protein fromXanthomonas, suppresses PTI responses at the plant plasma membrane

Action Mechanisms of Effectors in Plant-Pathogen Interaction

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