The <i>Vibrio shiloi</i>/<i>Oculina patagonica</i> Model System of Coral Bleaching

Rosenberg, Eugene; Falkovitz, Leah

doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.58.030603.123610

Cited by 177 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The findings of this study on the lack of pathogenic V. shiloi or bacterial interaction associated with the bleaching of O. patagonica are important in that they raise questions on hypotheses of bacterial mass coral bleaching Rosenberg and Falkovitz, 2004;Reshef et al, 2006) and coral hologenome evolution (Rosenberg et al, 2007). The probiotic hypothesis (Reshef et al, 2006) and the coral hologenome theory of evolution (Rosenberg et al, 2007) state that corals have the ability for rapid evolution in a changing environment by altering their microbial partners to overcome adverse environmental conditions and disease.…”

Section: Bacterial Bleaching and Mediterranean Coral O Patagonica Tdmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The conclusions drawn from this O. patagonica/V. shiloi model have been used as the basis to propose bacterial pathogenesis as the cause of global patterns of mass bleaching Rosenberg and Falkovitz, 2004;Reshef et al, 2006;Rosenberg et al, 2007). The present study aims to investigate the in situ bacterial involvement, and in situ coral microbial ecology, in ecological patterns of bleaching in O. patagonica across the Isreali coastline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been widely documented that during periods of warm sea surface temperatures, symbiont photosynthesis is reduced due to an increased susceptibility to photo-inhibition, which leads directly to active oxygen production and results in the breakdown of the symbiosis (Jokiel and Coles, 1977;Iglesias-Preito et al, 1992). Alternatively, recent studies have proposed that bacterial pathogens are the primary cause of bleaching in reef-building corals (Rosenberg and BenHaim, 2002;Rosenberg and Falkovitz, 2004;Rosenberg et al, 2007). The Bacterial Bleaching Hypothesis Rosenberg and Falkovitz, 2004) arose from studies in which the bacterium, Vibrio shiloi, was shown to cause the annual bleaching of the Mediterranean invading coral Oculina patagonica during warm summer months (Kushmaro et al, 1996(Kushmaro et al, , 1998.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, recent studies have proposed that bacterial pathogens are the primary cause of bleaching in reef-building corals (Rosenberg and BenHaim, 2002;Rosenberg and Falkovitz, 2004;Rosenberg et al, 2007). The Bacterial Bleaching Hypothesis Rosenberg and Falkovitz, 2004) arose from studies in which the bacterium, Vibrio shiloi, was shown to cause the annual bleaching of the Mediterranean invading coral Oculina patagonica during warm summer months (Kushmaro et al, 1996(Kushmaro et al, , 1998. This hypothesis was extended to other corals and proposed as an alternative to climate change as the primary driver for the increase in mass coral bleaching over the past two decades (Rosenberg and Falkovitz, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacteria are not the primary cause of bleaching in the Mediterranean coral Oculina patagonica

et al. 2007

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Coral bleaching occurs when the endosymbiosis between corals and their symbionts disintegrates during stress. Mass coral bleaching events have increased over the past 20 years and are directly correlated with periods of warm sea temperatures. However, some hypotheses have suggested that reef-building corals bleach due to infection by bacterial pathogens. The 'Bacterial Bleaching' hypothesis is based on laboratory studies of the Mediterranean invading coral, Oculina patagonica, and has further generated conclusions such as the coral probiotic hypothesis and coral hologenome theory of evolution. We aimed to investigate the natural microbial ecology of O. patagonica during the annual bleaching using fluorescence in situ hybridization to map bacterial populations within the coral tissue layers, and found that the coral bleaches on the temperate rocky reefs of the Israeli coastline without the presence of Vibrio shiloi or bacterial penetration of its tissue layers. Bacterial communities were found associated with the endolithic layer of bleached coral regions, and a community dominance shift from an apparent cyanobacterial-dominated endolithic layer to an algal-dominated layer was found in bleached coral samples. While bacterial communities certainly play important roles in coral stasis and health, we suggest environmental stressors, such as those documented with reef-building corals, are the primary triggers leading to bleaching of O. patagonica and suggest that bacterial involvement in patterns of bleaching is that of opportunistic colonization.

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Section: Bacterial Bleaching and Mediterranean Coral O Patagonica Tdmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Bacteria are not the primary cause of bleaching in the Mediterranean coral Oculina patagonica

et al. 2007

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“…Mucus has at least two roles in the associated microbial communities. Bacterial receptors can bind to mucus (Rosenberg and Falkovitz, 2004;Kvennefors et al, 2008), and this directly controls the composition of the associated microbiota. The mucus polymer itself and small molecular weight compounds within it serve as both nutrient sources for the microbes and signals that modulate behavior and gene expression in the associated microbial communities (Vacelet and Thomassin, 1991;Wild et al, 2004;Ritchie, 2006;Sharon and Rosenberg, 2008;Krediet et al, 2009aKrediet et al, , 2009b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signaling-mediated cross-talk modulates swarming and biofilm formation in a coral pathogen Serratia marcescens

et al. 2011

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Interactions within microbial communities associated with marine holobionts contribute importantly to the health of these symbiotic organisms formed by invertebrates, dinoflagellates and bacteria. However, mechanisms that control invertebrate-associated microbiota are not yet fully understood. Hydrophobic compounds that were isolated from surfaces of asymptomatic corals inhibited biofilm formation by the white pox pathogen Serratia marcescens PDL100, indicating that signals capable of affecting the associated microbiota are produced in situ. However, neither the origin nor structures of these signals are currently known. A functional survey of bacteria recovered from coral mucus and from cultures of the dinoflagellate Symbiodinium spp. revealed that they could alter swarming and biofilm formation in S. marcescens. As swarming and biofilm formation are inversely regulated, the ability of some native a-proteobacteria to affect both behaviors suggests that the a-proteobacterial signal(s) target a global regulatory switch controlling the behaviors in the pathogen. Isolates of Marinobacter sp. inhibited both biofilm formation and swarming in S. marcescens PDL100, without affecting growth of the coral pathogen, indicative of the production of multiple inhibitors, likely targeting lower level regulatory genes or functions. A multi-species cocktail containing these strains inhibited progression of a disease caused by S. marcescens in a model polyp Aiptasia pallida. An a-proteobacterial isolate 44B9 had a similar effect. Even though B4% of native holobiont-associated bacteria produced compounds capable of triggering responses in well-characterized N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) biosensors, there was no strong correlation between the production of AHL-like signals and disruption of biofilms or swarming in S. marcescens.

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Dynamics of hydrogen peroxide in a coral reef: Sources and sinks

Shaked

Armoza-Zvuloni

2013

JGR Biogeosciences

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[1] The dynamics of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) was studied in the fringing coral reef off the coast of Eilat, Red Sea. Diurnal changes in H 2 O 2 concentrations in the reef lagoon were typical of photochemically produced species. During the daytime H 2 O 2 accumulated in the lagoon at low tide and exceeded open water concentrations by 100-250 nM. Elevated H 2 O 2 decay kinetics (termed hereafter antioxidant activity) were also recorded in the lagoon at low tide. The observed antioxidant activities were high enough to moderate H 2 O 2 accumulation in the lagoon. In pursuit of the antioxidant source, the ability of corals to release antioxidant activity to their surrounding water was examined in both natural and laboratory settings. Water collected in situ from surfaces of individual corals and next to a coral knoll contained high antioxidant activity. Incubation experiments revealed that many Red Sea corals release antioxidant activity to their external milieu. Besides serving a potential antioxidant source to the reef system, the antioxidant activity detected on coral surfaces enabled corals to lower H 2 O 2 concentrations in their vicinity. The ability of corals to offset exogenous H 2 O 2 was validated in incubations with Stylophora pistillata in the absence of mixing. Conversely, corals subjected to mixing in a beaker were found to release H 2 O 2 , implying that corals may act as both a sink and a source for H 2 O 2 in the reef. This newly described ability of corals to change H 2 O 2 dynamics by releasing both H 2 O 2 and antioxidants may bare important implications for coral physiology and interactions with the environment.

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The Vibrio shiloi/Oculina patagonica Model System of Coral Bleaching

Cited by 177 publications

References 63 publications

Bacteria are not the primary cause of bleaching in the Mediterranean coral Oculina patagonica

Bacteria are not the primary cause of bleaching in the Mediterranean coral Oculina patagonica

Signaling-mediated cross-talk modulates swarming and biofilm formation in a coral pathogen Serratia marcescens

Dynamics of hydrogen peroxide in a coral reef: Sources and sinks

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