The <i>Tangled1</i> Gene Is Required for Spatial Control of Cytoskeletal Arrays Associated with Cell Division during Maize Leaf Development

Cleary, Ann L.; Smith, Laurie G.

doi:10.1105/tpc.10.11.1875

Cited by 138 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Proteins that are differentially located at the PPB-marked cortex include kinesin motors and actin itself (Cleary et al 1992;Vanstraelen et al 2006;Müller et al 2006;Van Damme et al 2007;Miki et al 2014). The identification of various other molecules that tune phragmoplast expansion will help to unravel the signaling network through which a flagged cortical domain can guide cell plate formation (Cleary and Smith 1998;Müller et al 2006;Walker et al 2007;Xu et al 2008).…”

Section: Cell Plate Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microtubule networks for plant cell division

2014

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During cytokinesis the cytoplasm of a cell is divided to form two daughter cells. In animal cells, the existing plasma membrane is first constricted and then abscised to generate two individual plasma membranes. Plant cells on the other hand divide by forming an interior dividing wall, the so-called cell plate, which is constructed by localized deposition of membrane and cell wall material. Construction starts in the centre of the cell at the locus of the mitotic spindle and continues radially towards the existing plasma membrane. Finally the membrane of the cell plate and plasma membrane fuse to form two individual plasma membranes. Two microtubule-based cytoskeletal networks, the phragmoplast and the pre-prophase band (PPB), jointly control cytokinesis in plants. The bipolar microtubule array of the phragmoplast regulates cell plate deposition towards a cortical position that is templated by the ring-shaped microtubule array of the PPB. In contrast to most animal cells, plants do not use centrosomes as foci of microtubule growth initiation. Instead, plant microtubule networks are striking examples of selforganizing systems that emerge from physically constrained interactions of dispersed microtubules. Here we will discuss how microtubule-based activities including growth, shrinkage, severing, sliding, nucleation and bundling interrelate to jointly generate the required ordered structures. Evidence mounts that adapter proteins sense the local geometry of microtubules to locally modulate the activity of proteins involved in microtubule growth regulation and severing. Many of the proteins and mechanisms involved have roles in other microtubule assemblies as well, bestowing broader relevance to insights gained from plants.

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Section: Cell Plate Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microtubule networks for plant cell division

2014

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“…Twenty-three genes that are involved in cytoskeletal organization/ dynamics were identified ( Table 1) and further functional analysis will likely provide insight into the intriguing syncytial form of cellular development. 22 and its Arabidopsis homologue (TAN) exhibit misplaced cell walls as a consequence of inefficient phragmoplast guidance. 20 Inducible disruption of RanGAP function in a double mutant of redundant rangap1 and rangap2 also revealed cytokinesis defects.…”

Section: Phragmoplast Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of cytoskeleton-associated genes expressed during Arabidopsis syncytial endosperm development

Day

Müller

Macknight

2009

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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During the early stages of Arabidopsis seed development, the endosperm is syncytial and proliferates rapidly through multiple rounds of mitosis in the absence of cytokinesis and cell wall formation. This stage of endosperm development is important in determining seed viability and size. To identify genes involved in syncytial endosperm development, we analyzed the endosperm transcriptome, obtained using laser capture microdissection of developing seeds at four days after pollination. Our results support the idea that similar sets of genes are required for conventional somatic mitosis with cytokinesis and syncytial proliferation. Furthermore, we identify cytoskeleton associated genes that may act to facilitate syncytial development thereby providing an important resource for further characterization of the processes involved in syncytial endosperm development.Seed development begins with double fertilization where the haploid egg cell and the double haploid central cell are both fertilized by haploid sperm cells contributed from a single pollen grain. This generates the diploid embryo and the triploid endosperm, respectively. The embryo and the endosperm grow rapidly in a coordinated manner that is influenced by the surrounding maternal integument tissues that later form the seed coat. During these early stages, maternal resources are used for the rapid cell division and growth that occurs as seed tissues form and develop. In many plant species, including Arabidopsis, the triploid primary endosperm nucleus undergoes several rounds of free-nuclear division, growing rapidly as a syncytium. The organization of microtubule arrays during this early stage of endosperm development is markedly different from those found in vegetative tissues.1 During the syncytial phase, interphase microtubules emanate from the nucleus into the cytoplasm and this nucleus-based radial microtubule system aids in positioning of nuclei and the designation of cytoplasm into nucleo-cytoplasmic domains. At about six days after pollination, cell wall deposition is initiated by the formation of phragmoplasts at the margins of nucleocytoplasmic domains. Interestingly, interzonal arrays which resemble phragmoplasts form between nuclei after karyokinesis, but they never participate in cell plate formation.2 This unusual form of cellular development is conducive to a rapid cellular proliferation; however, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the uncoupling of cell wall formation from mitosis remain elusive.To gain further insights into the early stages of endosperm biology, we have used laser capture microdissection to obtain RNA from syncytial stage endosperm at four days after pollination. At this stage of development, the endosperm has undergone six to seven rounds of nuclear division (~200 nucleocytoplasmic domains) but has not cellularized and the embryo is at the globular phase. Endosperm RNA was amplified using two-round in vitro transcription, then labeled and used, along with similarly treated silique amplified RNA, to probe long oligonucl...

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“…The maize mutant tan produces new cell walls that do not typically position at a 908 angle to the longest cell axis [64,65]. The phragmoplasts fail to be directed to the former PPB site because, although the mark left behind by the PPB is not there (or the detection mechanism is missing), it is malfunctioning.…”

Section: Vesicle Trafficking and The Cortical Division Zonementioning

confidence: 99%