The Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum effector <scp>RipE1</scp> is recognized at the plasma membrane by NbPtr1, the Nicotiana benthamiana homologue of Pseudomonas tomato race 1

Kim, Boyoung; Kim, Injae; Yu, Wenjia; Li, Meng; Kim, Haseong; Ahn, Ye Jin; Sohn, Kee Hoon; Macho, Alberto P.; Segonzac, Cécile

doi:10.1111/mpp.13363

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The CC‐NLR‐encoding Ptr1 gene, which was identified recently in a wild relative of tomato, S. lycopersicoides , confers resistance to Pst , Xanthomonas spp., and Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum by detecting multiple sequence‐diverse type III effectors, including AvrRpt2 (Ahn, Kim, et al., 2023; Kim et al., 2022, 2023; Mazo‐Molina et al., 2019, 2020; Tsakiri et al., 2023). It is unknown whether any Nrc protein is required for Ptr1‐mediated immunity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helper NLRs Nrc2 and Nrc3 act codependently with Prf/Pto and activate MAPK signaling to induce immunity in tomato

Zhang,

Gan,

Carneal

et al. 2023

The Plant Journal

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SUMMARYPlant intracellular immune receptors, primarily nucleotide‐binding, leucine‐rich repeat proteins (NLRs), detect pathogen effector proteins and activate NLR‐triggered immunity (NTI). Recently, ‘sensor’ NLRs have been reported to function with ‘helper’ NLRs to activate immunity. We investigated the role of two helper NLRs, Nrc2 and Nrc3, on immunity in tomato to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) mediated by the sensor NLR Prf and the Pto kinase. An nrc2/nrc3 mutant no longer activated Prf/Pto‐mediated NTI to Pst containing the effectors AvrPto and AvrPtoB. An nrc3 mutant showed intermediate susceptibility between wild‐type plants and a Prf mutant, while an nrc2 mutant developed only mild disease. These observations indicate that Nrc2 and Nrc3 act additively in Prf‐/Pto‐mediated immunity. We examined at what point Nrc2 and Nrc3 act in the Prf/Pto‐mediated immune response. In the nrc2/3 mutant, programmed cell death (PCD) normally induced by constitutively active variants of AvrPtoB, Pto, or Prf was abolished, but that induced by M3Kα or Mkk2 was not. PCD induced by a constitutively active Nrc3 was also abolished in a Nicotiana benthamiana line with reduced expression of Prf. MAPK activation triggered by expression of AvrPto in the wild‐type tomato plants was completely abolished in the nrc2/3 mutant. These results indicate that Nrc2 and Nrc3 act with Prf/Pto and upstream of MAPK signaling. Nrc2 and Nrc3 were not required for PCD triggered by Ptr1, another sensor NLR‐mediating Pst resistance, although these helper NLRs do appear to be involved in resistance to certain Pst race 1 strains

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helper NLRs Nrc2 and Nrc3 act codependently with Prf/Pto and activate MAPK signaling to induce immunity in tomato

Zhang,

Gan,

Carneal

et al. 2023

The Plant Journal

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“…The T3Es play crucial roles in plant– R. solanacearum interactions [ 32 ]. Although several virulence and avirulence T3Es have been characterized [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ], efficient strategies against bacterial wilt disease remain a challenge due to the limited understanding of the extensive effector repertoires. RipAW, a NEL effector in R. solanacearum , exhibits E3 ligase activity dependent on the cysteine 177 residue [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ralstonia solanacearum Type III Effector RipAW Targets the Immune Receptor Complex to Suppress PAMP-Triggered Immunity

Sun,

Zhang,

Feng

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, one of the most destructive phytopathogens, leads to significant annual crop yield losses. Type III effectors (T3Es) mainly contribute to the virulence of R. solanacearum, usually by targeting immune-related proteins. Here, we clarified the effect of a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase (NEL) T3E, RipAW, from R. solanacearum on pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) and further explored its action mechanism. In the susceptible host Arabidopsis thaliana, we monitored the expression of PTI marker genes, flg22-induced ROS burst, and callose deposition in RipAW- and RipAWC177A-transgenic plants. Our results demonstrated that RipAW suppressed host PTI in an NEL-dependent manner. By Split-Luciferase Complementation, Bimolecular Fluorescent Complimentary, and Co-Immunoprecipitation assays, we further showed that RipAW associated with three crucial components of the immune receptor complex, namely FLS2, XLG2, and BIK1. Furthermore, RipAW elevated the ubiquitination levels of FLS2, XLG2, and BIK1, accelerating their degradation via the 26S proteasome pathway. Additionally, co-expression of FLS2, XLG2, or BIK1 with RipAW partially but significantly restored the RipAW-suppressed ROS burst, confirming the involvement of the immune receptor complex in RipAW-regulated PTI. Overall, our results indicate that RipAW impairs host PTI by disrupting the immune receptor complex. Our findings provide new insights into the virulence mechanism of R. solanacearum.

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“…The CC-NLR-encoding Ptr1 gene, which was identified recently in a wild relative of tomato, Solanum lycopersicoides, confers resistance to Pst, Xanthomonas spp. and Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum by detecting multiple sequence-diverse type III effectors, including AvrRpt2 (Mazo-Molina et al, 2019;Mazo-Molina et al, 2020;Kim et al, 2022;Ahn et al, 2023b;Kim et al, 2023;Tsakiri et al, 2023). It is unknown whether any Nrc protein is required for Ptr1-mediated immunity.…”

Section: Nrc2 and Nrc3 Do Not Play A Role In Ptr1-associated Pcdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helper NLRs Nrc2 and Nrc3 act co-dependently with Prf/Pto and activate MAPK signaling to induce immunity in tomato

Zhang,

Gan,

Carneal

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Plant intracellular immune receptors, primarily nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat proteins (NLRs), can detect virulence proteins (effectors) from pathogens and activate NLR-triggered immunity (NTI). Recently, sensor NLRs have been reported to function with helper NLRs to activate immune responses. We investigated the role of two helper NLRs, Nrc2 (NLR required for cell death 2) and Nrc3, on immunity in tomato to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) mediated by the sensor NLR Prf and the Pto kinase. Loss-of-function mutations in both Nrc2 and Nrc3 completely compromised Prf/Pto-mediated NTI to Pst containing the cognate effectors AvrPto and AvrPtoB. An nrc3 mutant showed intermediate susceptibility between wild-type tomato plants and a Prf mutant, while an nrc2 mutant developed only mild disease symptoms. These observations indicate that Nrc2 and Nrc3 act additively to contribute to Prf/Pto-mediated immunity. We also examined at what point Nrc2 and Nrc3 act in the Prf/Pto-mediated immune response. In the nrc2/3 mutant, programmed cell death (PCD) normally induced by constitutively-active variants of AvrPtoB, Pto or Prf was abolished, but that induced by M3Ka or Mkk2 was not. PCD induced by a constitutively active variant of Nrc3 was also abolished in a Nicotiana benthamiana line with reduced expression of Prf. MAPK activation triggered by expression of AvrPto in the wild-type Pto-expressing tomato plants was completely abolished in the nrc2/3 mutant. These results indicate that Nrc2 and Nrc3 act in concert with Prf/Pto and upstream of MAPK signaling. Nrc2 and Nrc3 were not required for the HR triggered by Ptr1, another sensor NLR mediating Pst resistance, although these helper NLRs do appear to be involved in resistance to certain Pst race 1 strains.

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The Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum effector RipE1 is recognized at the plasma membrane by NbPtr1, the Nicotiana benthamiana homologue of Pseudomonas tomato race 1

Cited by 8 publications

References 46 publications

Helper NLRs Nrc2 and Nrc3 act codependently with Prf/Pto and activate MAPK signaling to induce immunity in tomato

Helper NLRs Nrc2 and Nrc3 act codependently with Prf/Pto and activate MAPK signaling to induce immunity in tomato

The Ralstonia solanacearum Type III Effector RipAW Targets the Immune Receptor Complex to Suppress PAMP-Triggered Immunity

Helper NLRs Nrc2 and Nrc3 act co-dependently with Prf/Pto and activate MAPK signaling to induce immunity in tomato

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