The <i>IRE</i> gene encodes a protein kinase homologue and modulates root hair growth in <i>Arabidopsis</i>

Oyama, Tokitaka; Shimura, Yoichi; Okada, Kiyotaka

doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.2002.01290.x

Cited by 64 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Mutations in either of these genes lead to short root hairs and each gene is preferentially expressed in growing root hairs (Oyama et al, 2002;Yi et al, 2010), which implies that the IRE1-encoded AGC kinase and the RSL2-encoded bHLH transcription factor regulate tip growth activities.…”

Section: Molecular Genetics Of Root Hair Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root Hairs

Grierson

Nielsen

Ketelaarc

et al. 2014

The Arabidopsis Book

195

220

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Roots hairs are cylindrical extensions of root epidermal cells that are important for acquisition of nutrients, microbe interactions, and plant anchorage. The molecular mechanisms involved in the specification, differentiation, and physiology of root hairs in Arabidopsis are reviewed here. Root hair specification in Arabidopsis is determined by position-dependent signaling and molecular feedback loops causing differential accumulation of a WD-bHLH-Myb transcriptional complex. The initiation of root hairs is dependent on the RHD6 bHLH gene family and auxin to define the site of outgrowth. Root hair elongation relies on polarized cell expansion at the growing tip, which involves multiple integrated processes including cell secretion, endomembrane trafficking, cytoskeletal organization, and cell wall modifications. The study of root hair biology in Arabidopsis has provided a model cell type for insights into many aspects of plant development and cell biology.

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Section: Molecular Genetics Of Root Hair Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root Hairs

Grierson

Nielsen

Ketelaarc

et al. 2014

The Arabidopsis Book

195

220

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“…low Pi), also could be linked to a MAPK-mediated response. INCOMPLETE ROOT HAIR ELONGATION (IRE; Oyama et al, 2002), which is an AGC kinase (like OXI1), also promotes root hair growth. It is unclear how all of these components are interconnected to orchestrate polar growth in root hairs.…”

Section: Apo Ros Homeostasis Is Regulated By Plasma Membrane Noxs Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

ROS Regulation of Polar Growth in Plant Cells

2016

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ORCID ID: 0000-0001-6332-7738 (J.M.E.).Root hair cells and pollen tubes, like fungal hyphae, possess a typical tip or polar cell expansion with growth limited to the apical dome. Cell expansion needs to be carefully regulated to produce a correct shape and size. Polar cell growth is sustained by oscillatory feedback loops comprising three main components that together play an important role regulating this process. One of the main components are reactive oxygen species (ROS) that, together with calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) and pH, sustain polar growth over time. Apoplastic ROS homeostasis controlled by NADPH oxidases as well as by secreted type III peroxidases has a great impact on cell wall properties during cell expansion. Polar growth needs to balance a focused secretion of new materials in an extending but still rigid cell wall in order to contain turgor pressure. In this review, we discuss the gaps in our understanding of how ROS impact on the oscillatory Ca 2+ and pH signatures that, coordinately, allow root hair cells and pollen tubes to expand in a controlled manner to several hundred times their original size toward specific signals.

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“…As with mammalian systems, many plant AGC kinases are acti-vated by Pdk1 (13, 16, 20 -23). Arabidopsis contains at least 39 AGC kinase family members (16,21,24) and some of their functions include blue-light signaling (25), root hair development (22,26,27), oxidative burst signaling (23,27), and auxin signaling (24,28). Group VIIIa AGC kinases (of which Adi3 is a member) are specific to plants and are mainly distinguished from mammalian kinases by a large 70 -100 amino acid insertion in the activation loop, or T-loop, referred to as the T-loop extension (16).…”

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confidence: 99%

The T-loop Extension of the Tomato Protein Kinase AvrPto-dependent Pto-interacting Protein 3 (Adi3) Directs Nuclear Localization for Suppression of Plant Cell Death

Ek-Ramos

Ávila-Pacheco

Cheng

et al. 2010

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato is elicited by the interaction of the host Pto kinase with the pathogen effector protein AvrPto, which leads to various immune responses including localized cell death termed the hypersensitive response. The AGC kinase Adi3 functions to suppress host cell death and interacts with Pto only in the presence of AvrPto. The cell death suppression (CDS) activity of Adi3 requires phosphorylation by 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (Pdk1) and loss of Adi3 function is associated with the hypersensitive response cell death initiated by the Pto/AvrPto interaction. Here we studied the relationship between Adi3 cellular localization and its CDS activity. Adi3 is a nuclear-localized protein, and this localization is dictated by a nuclear localization signal found in the Adi3 T-loop extension, an ϳ80 amino acid insertion into the T-loop, or activation loop, which is phosphorylated for kinase activation. Nuclear localization of Adi3 is required for its CDS activity and loss of nuclear localization causes elimination of Adi3 CDS activity and induction of cell death. This nuclear localization of Adi3 is dependent on Ser-539 phosphorylation by Pdk1 and nonnuclear Adi3 is found in punctate structures throughout the cell. Our data support a model in which Pdk1 phosphorylation of Adi3 directs nuclear localization for CDS and that disruption of Adi3 nuclear localization may be a mechanism for induction of cell death such as that during the Pto/AvrPto interaction.During the resistance response of plants to pathogens, programmed cell death (PCD) 2 occurs as part of the hypersensitive response (HR), which functions to limit pathogen spread (1, 2). It has been over 100 years since the first description of the HR and its associated cell death (3). However, not until relatively recent times has the search for genes and pathways regulating PCD during the HR received much attention. This search has been difficult, but has identified several kinases and transcription factors involved in PCD (1, 4, 5) as well as lipid biosynthetic genes that produce lipid second messengers regulating PCD (6 -9). In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), the causative agent of bacterial speck disease is Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst). Interaction of the tomato resistance protein kinase Pto with the Pst effector protein AvrPto brings about the HR and resistance to Pst (10). Studies have been undertaken to identify genes involved in PCD associated with Pto-mediated HR and revealed a downstream MAP kinase, MAPKKK␣, that functions in the induction of cell death during both resistance and susceptibility (11).Another gene that was identified as a Pto-interacting protein was the tomato protein kinase Adi3, which only interacts with Pto in the presence of AvrPto (12). Subsequently, we have shown Adi3 to function as a negative regulator of plant cell death (13) and thus, it may be the functional homologue of PKB (aka Akt), a major PCD suppressor in mammals (13-15). Adi3 is phospho...

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The IRE gene encodes a protein kinase homologue and modulates root hair growth in Arabidopsis

Cited by 64 publications

References 44 publications

Root Hairs

Root Hairs

ROS Regulation of Polar Growth in Plant Cells

The T-loop Extension of the Tomato Protein Kinase AvrPto-dependent Pto-interacting Protein 3 (Adi3) Directs Nuclear Localization for Suppression of Plant Cell Death

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