The
 Foldback
 -like element
 Galileo
 belongs to the
 P
 superfamily of DNA transposons and is widespread within the
 Drosophila
 genus

Marzo, Mar; Puig, Marta; Ruíz, Alfredo

doi:10.1073/pnas.0712110105

Cited by 25 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…The labiality in structural morphologies is not unique to Phantom elements; recent studies have shown that the FB element, Galileo, is a member of the P-element superfamily where the canonical families display short TIRs (Marzo et al 2008). Since the TIRs typically contain the transposase binding sites required for the cleavage and integration of DNA transposons (Craig et al 2002), we propose that structural variation might evolve to avoid recognition by the host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phantom, a New Subclass ofMutatorDNA Transposons Found in Insect Viruses and Widely Distributed in Animals

Marquez

Pritham

2010

Genetics

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Transposons of the Mutator (Mu) superfamily have been shown to play a critical role in the evolution of plant genomes. However, the identification of Mutator transposons in other eukaryotes has been quite limited. Here we describe a previously uncharacterized group of DNA transposons designated Phantom identified in the genomes of a wide range of eukaryotic taxa, including many animals, and provide evidence for its inclusion within the Mutator superfamily. Interestingly three Phantom proteins were also identified in two insect viruses and phylogenetic analysis suggests horizontal movement from insect to virus, providing a new line of evidence for the role of viruses in the horizontal transfer of DNA transposons in animals. Many of the Phantom transposases are predicted to harbor a FLYWCH domain in the amino terminus, which displays a WRKY-GCM1 fold characteristic of the DNA binding domain (DBD) of Mutator transposases and of several transcription factors. While some Phantom elements have terminal inverted repeats similar in length and structure to Mutator elements, some display subterminal inverted repeats (sub-TIRs) and others have more complex termini reminiscent of so-called Foldback (FB) transposons. The structural plasticity of Phantom and the distant relationship of its encoded protein to known transposases may have impeded the discovery of this group of transposons and it suggests that structure in itself is not a reliable character for transposon classification.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phantom, a New Subclass ofMutatorDNA Transposons Found in Insect Viruses and Widely Distributed in Animals

Marquez

Pritham

2010

Genetics

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“…Moreover, the inferred phylogenetic relationship of DINE-1 paralogues from several Drosophila species suggests vertical transmission as the major mechanism for DINE-1 propagation. Likewise, analysis of the Galileo ARTICLES and 1360 transposons reveals a widespread but discontinuous phylogenetic distribution for both families, notably with both families absent in the geographically isolated Hawaiian species, D. grimshawi 52 . These results are consistent with an ancient origin of the Galileo and 1360 families in the genus and subsequent horizontal transfer and/or loss in some lineages.…”

Section: Gelbart Personal Communication) (Supplementary Information mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny

Clark¹,

Eisen²,

Smith³

et al. 2007

Nature

1,818

1,041

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Comparative analysis of multiple genomes in a phylogenetic framework dramatically improves the precision and sensitivity of evolutionary inference, producing more robust results than single-genome analyses can provide. The genomes of 12 Drosophila species, ten of which are presented here for the first time (sechellia, simulans, yakuba, erecta, ananassae, persimilis, willistoni, mojavensis, virilis and grimshawi), illustrate how rates and patterns of sequence divergence across taxa can illuminate evolutionary processes on a genomic scale. These genome sequences augment the formidable genetic tools that have made Drosophila melanogaster a pre-eminent model for animal genetics, and will further catalyse fundamental research on mechanisms of development, cell biology, genetics, disease, neurobiology, behaviour, physiology and evolution. Despite remarkable similarities among these Drosophila species, we identified many putatively non-neutral changes in protein-coding genes, non-coding RNA genes, and cis-regulatory regions. These may prove to underlie differences in the ecology and behaviour of these diverse species.

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“…Unequivocal evidence for the implication of transposable elements (TEs) has been found in three Drosophila buzzatii inversions: 2j (Cáceres et al 1999(Cáceres et al , 2001, 2q 7 (Casals et al 2003), and 2z 3 (Delprat et al, in preparation). These three inversions were generated by non-allelic homologus recombination (or ectopic recombination) between copies of the transposon Galileo (Marzo et al 2008) inserted in opposite orientation at two distant chromosomal sites. A polymorphic inversion of Drosophila pseudoobscura, Arrowhead, was also generated by ectopic recombination between 128 and 315-bp repeats, yet the nature of these repeats and their possible relation to an unidentified TE are obscure (Richards et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and sequencing of the breakpoint regions of inversion 5g fixed in Drosophila buzzatii

2009

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Chromosomal inversions are ubiquitous in Drosophila both as intraspecific polymorphisms and interspecific differences. Many gaps still remain in our understanding of the mechanisms that generate them. Previous work has shown that in Drosophila buzzatii, three polymorphic inversions were generated by ectopic recombination between copies of the transposon Galileo. In this study, we have characterized the breakpoint regions of inversion 5g, fixed in D. buzzatii and absent in Drosophila koepferae and other closely related species. A novel approach comprising four experimental steps was used. First, D. buzzatii BAC clones encompassing the breakpoints were identified and their ends sequenced. Then, breakpoint regions were mapped at high resolution in the Drosophila mojavensis genome sequence. Finally, breakpoint regions were isolated by polymerase chain reaction in D. buzzatii and D. koepferae and sequenced. Our aim was to shed light on the mechanism that generated inversion 5g and specifically to test for an implication of the transposon Galileo. No evidence implicates Galileo or other transposable elements in the origin of inversion 5g that was generated most likely by two independent breaks and non-homologous end-joining repair. Our results show that different inversion-generating mechanisms may coexist within the same lineage and suggest a hypothesis for the evolutionary time and mode of their operation.

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The Foldback -like element Galileo belongs to the P superfamily of DNA transposons and is widespread within the Drosophila genus

Cited by 25 publications

References 47 publications

Phantom, a New Subclass ofMutatorDNA Transposons Found in Insect Viruses and Widely Distributed in Animals

Phantom, a New Subclass ofMutatorDNA Transposons Found in Insect Viruses and Widely Distributed in Animals

Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny

Cloning and sequencing of the breakpoint regions of inversion 5g fixed in Drosophila buzzatii

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