The<i>FLOWERING LOCUS T</i>-Like Gene Family in Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>)

Faure, Sébastien; Higgins, Janet; Turner, Adrian P.; Laurie, D. A.

doi:10.1534/genetics.106.069500

Cited by 276 publications

(247 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The QTL could therefore reflect the segregation of another gene, for example HvFT5 (Faure et al 2007) which also maps on bin 12.2 (Graingenes; Marcel et al 2007), or another unknown linked gene. Like Eam6, this QTL was also significant for the ratio SE/LS except in Ll09-Au-PhE, due to its greater effects on SE than on LS (even in the preliminary study, Fig.…”

Section: Ll09-auphnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic control of pre-heading phases in the Steptoe × Morex barley population under different conditions of photoperiod and temperature

Borràs-Gelonch

Denti

Thomas³

et al. 2011

Euphytica

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Although there are numerous studies on the genetic control of flowering time in barley, little is known on the genetic control of duration of different particular pre-heading phases. Extending the stem elongation phase (SE), without modifying total time to heading, has been proposed as a trait to raise yield potential. Moreover, studying the genetic control of pre-heading phases would be of interest for a better understanding of crop phenology which is crucial for adaptation. We studied the genetic control of the leaf and spikelet intitiation phase (LS), the stem elongation phase, and within this, from the onset of jointing to flag leaf (J-FL), and from then to heading (FL-HD), in the Steptoe 9 Morex population, which is known to segregate for some major developmental genes, under different environmental conditions. After a preliminary greenhouse study in which the appropriateness of the population was tested, 130 double haploid lines and the two parents were grown under four field environments that differed in photoperiod and temperature conditions. Amongst all QTLs detected (13), only three were significant for HD and for both LS and SE and with the same allele direction (although with greater effects in one phase than the other in some cases). Genotype by environment interactions for LS and HD were due to both photoperiod and other factors as temperature or its interaction with photoperiod, while for SE responses to only photoperiod were negligible. QTL 9 E interactions were important for some QTLs, and either cross-over (e.g. Ppd-H1) or quantitative (e.g. Ppd-H2). However, heritability across field environments for the ratio SE/LS was high (0.8) and several of the QTL effects that were significant for only LS or SE, were conserved across different environments, that is, they were significant with the increasing allele derived from the same parent in all or most environments.

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Section: Ll09-auphnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic control of pre-heading phases in the Steptoe × Morex barley population under different conditions of photoperiod and temperature

Borràs-Gelonch

Denti

Thomas³

et al. 2011

Euphytica

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“…Furthermore, both of these protein sequences contained the FT-speciWc motifs Tyr-85, LGRQTVYAPGWRQN, and LYN, which are part of segment B and C in exon 4 (Fig. 6), that are necessary for the function of the FT protein (Hanzawa et al 2005;Ahn et al 2006;Faure et al 2007). The strong sequence identity to FT-homologous genes of other plant species (Fig.…”

Section: Cloning and Characterization Of Mdft1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Over-expression of an FT-homologous gene of apple induces early flowering in annual and perennial plants

Tränkner

Lehmann

Hoenicka

et al. 2010

Planta

146

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The protein encoded by the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene from Arabidopsis thaliana seems to be the long-searched florigen, and over-expression of FT orthologues resulted in accelerated flower development in annual and perennial plants. In the present study, we isolated two allelic mRNA sequences of an FT-homologous gene from apple, which was designated as MdFT1. Using a SSR motif this gene was mapped on LG 12 of apple. Over-expression of MdFT1 in Arabidopsis and the commercially important tree species poplar and apple itself using the CaMV 35S or the Arabidopsis Suc2 promoter resulted in significant accelerated flowering compared with wild-type plants. Transgenic T(0) plants of Arabidopsis flowered 4-6 days on average earlier than wild-type Arabidopsis under LD conditions. Under short-day conditions Suc2::MdFT1 plants of the T(1)-generation flowered after 66 ± 18 days, while wild-type plants flowered about 22 days later. All transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed a normal habit except for the early flowering phenotype. Early flowering was detected 6-10 months after transformation in transgenic polar clones containing MdFT1 driven by the CaMV 35S, whereas plants of the transgenic apple clone T780 set up its first flowers during in vitro cultivation. Based on our results we conclude that MdFT1 is responsible for inducing flowering and that the function of the apple FT1 gene is conserved in annual herbaceous species as well as perennial woody species. Furthermore, we discuss the role of MdFT1 in flower development with regard to the findings of genetic studies on apple.

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“…The function of the remainder of the rice FT-like genes is still unknown. Expression of multiple FT-like genes have been documented in other species (Izawa et al 2002;Faure et al 2007;Hayama et al 2007;Igasaki et al 2008), although the relative contribution and interaction of the different FT proteins with regard to flowering in these species is not presently known. Additional work will be required to identify the role of the additional FT-like genes in soybean, as well as the specific roles of each of the two highly expressed Glyma16g26660 and Glyma16g04830 genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The alleles at the E1 locus impact the expression pattern of two soybean FT-like genes shown to induce flowering in Arabidopsis

Thakare

Kumudini

Dinkins

2011

Planta

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A small gene family of phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBP) has been shown to function as key regulators in flowering; in Arabidopsis thaliana the FT protein promotes flowering whilst the closely related TFL1 protein represses flowering. Control of flowering time in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] is important for geographic adaptation and maximizing yield. Soybean breeders have identified a series of loci, the E-genes, that control photoperiod-mediated flowering time, yet how these loci control flowering is poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the expression of GmFT-like genes in the E1 near-isogenic line (NIL) background. Of the 20 closely related PEBP proteins in the soybean genome, ten are similar to the Arabidopsis FT protein. Expression analysis of these ten GmFT-like genes confirmed that only two are detectable in the conditions tested. Further analysis of these two genes in the E1 NILs grown under short-day (SD) and long-day (LD) conditions showed a diurnal expression and tissue specificity expression commensurate with soybean flowering time under SD and LD conditions, suggesting that these were good candidates for flowering induction in soybean. Arabidopsis ft mutant lines flowered early when transformed with the two soybean genes, suggesting that the soybean genes can complement the Arabidopsis FT function. Flowering time in E1 NILs is consistent with the differential expression of the two GmFT-like genes under SD and LD conditions, suggesting that the E1 locus, at least in part, impacts time to flowering through the regulation of soybean FT expression.

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TheFLOWERING LOCUS T-Like Gene Family in Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

Cited by 276 publications

References 54 publications

Genetic control of pre-heading phases in the Steptoe × Morex barley population under different conditions of photoperiod and temperature

Genetic control of pre-heading phases in the Steptoe × Morex barley population under different conditions of photoperiod and temperature

Over-expression of an FT-homologous gene of apple induces early flowering in annual and perennial plants

The alleles at the E1 locus impact the expression pattern of two soybean FT-like genes shown to induce flowering in Arabidopsis

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