The Calotropis procera Transformed Green NiO and Fe‐NiO Nanoparticles for Diaryl Pyrimidinones Synthesis in Hydrotropic Medium at Room Temperature

Abstract

We report the synthesis of NiO and Fe doped NiO nanoparticles by simple and cost effective Calotropis procera leaf extract assisted green co‐precipitation method. The leaf extract of Calotropis procera acts as reducing as well as capping agent for the synthesis of NiO and Fe doped NiO. The presence of –OH and aldehydic group (‐CHO) on synthesized nanoparticle imparts their strong interaction with synthesized nanoparticles, conveying efficient catalyst for heterocycle synthesis. The proficient catalytic application of biogenic NiO and Fe doped NiO NPs were explored in aqueous hydrotropic solution for syntheses of diaryl pyrimidinones at room temperature. The synthesized catalysts are efficient in terms of yield, reaction time and reusability. The NiO or Fe doped NiO/NaPTS/27°C is efficient, highly sustainable catalytic system for heterocycle synthesis at room temperature. Accordingly, Fe doped NiO/NaPTS proved to be a better catalytic system than NiO/NaPTS in water.

Recent advances in nanoparticles towards sustainability and their application in organic transformations in aqueous media

“…(i) Homogeneous 16,21 (i) Homogeneous 26 or (i) Heterogeneous 39 (i) Truly heterogeneous 109 (ii) Heterogeneous 9,39 (ii) Heterogeneous 39 3. Aggregation of catalyst Observed 20 Observed 48 Less 83 Very less 105,117…”

“…However, the authors observed better reaction results with the Fe@NiO NPs than the NiO NPs for the synthesis of pyrimidinone derivatives. 83 After the successful synthesis of Fe-doped NiO NPs, Shinde et al synthesized Ni@ZnO NPs and used them as a catalyst for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1 H )-ones [Scheme 28] in water with the NaPTS hydrotrope. 84 In these environmentally conscious times, researchers are required to focus on developing green methodologies for organic transformations.…”