The<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>SUN protein UNC-84 interacts with lamin to transfer forces from the cytoplasm to the nucleoskeleton during nuclear migration

Bone, Courtney R.; Tapley, Erin C.; Gorjánácz, Mátyás; Starr, Daniel A.

doi:10.1091/mbc.e14-05-0971

Cited by 60 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Mutations that affect the nucleoplasmic part of UNC-84 cause milder hypodermal nuclear migration defects than complete null alleles (Malone et al 1999;Bone et al 2014). Nevertheless, a single amino acid substitution in UNC-84 (P91S; e1411), which reduces its interaction with LMN-1 in the yeast two-hybrid assay, or depletion of LMN-1 by RNAi, induces a significant migration defect, highlighting the relevance of the nuclear lamina in LINC activity (Bone et al 2014).…”

Section: Mechanotransductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, a single amino acid substitution in UNC-84 (P91S; e1411), which reduces its interaction with LMN-1 in the yeast two-hybrid assay, or depletion of LMN-1 by RNAi, induces a significant migration defect, highlighting the relevance of the nuclear lamina in LINC activity (Bone et al 2014). In parallel to LMN-1, the conserved transmembrane NE protein SAMP-1 also contributes to nuclear migration, but by unknown mechanisms (Bone et al 2014). Interestingly, a recent study measured mechanical responses to external physical tension and found a significant increase in hypodermal nuclear stiffness in animals depleted for UNC-84 (Zuela et al 2016).…”

Section: Mechanotransductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell Biology of theCaenorhabditis elegansNucleus

Cohen-Fix

Askjaer

2017

Genetics

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Studies on the Caenorhabditis elegans nucleus have provided fascinating insight to the organization and activities of eukaryotic cells. Being the organelle that holds the genetic blueprint of the cell, the nucleus is critical for basically every aspect of cell biology. The stereotypical development of C. elegans from a one cell-stage embryo to a fertile hermaphrodite with 959 somatic nuclei has allowed the identification of mutants with specific alterations in gene expression programs, nuclear morphology, or nuclear positioning. Moreover, the early C. elegans embryo is an excellent model to dissect the mitotic processes of nuclear disassembly and reformation with high spatiotemporal resolution. We review here several features of the C. elegans nucleus, including its composition, structure, and dynamics. We also discuss the spatial organization of chromatin and regulation of gene expression and how this depends on tight control of nucleocytoplasmic transport. Finally, the extensive connections of the nucleus with the cytoskeleton and their implications during development are described. Most processes of the C. elegans nucleus are evolutionarily conserved, highlighting the relevance of this powerful and versatile model organism to human biology.KEYWORDS Caenorhabditis elegans; chromatin; gene expression; lamin; LEM-domain proteins; LINC; P granule; nuclear pore complex; nuclear envelope; nucleocytoplasmic transport; nucleolus; WormBook TABLE OF CONTENTSAbstract 25 C. elegans as a model system to study cell biology of the nucleus 26 Structural components of the nucleus 27

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Section: Mechanotransductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanotransductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Biology of theCaenorhabditis elegansNucleus

Cohen-Fix

Askjaer

2017

Genetics

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“…SUN and KASH proteins interact via conserved domains at their C-termini in the PNS. 5 SUN proteins interact with lamins in the nucleoplasm 6,7 and KASH proteins recruit cytoskeletal components to the ONM. 8 In this way, LINC complexes stabilize the nuclear envelope against cytoplasmic forces and facilitate nuclear positioning in a variety of cellular processes, including cell division, establishment of cellular polarity, fertilization, cellular migration, and differentiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SUN proteins and nuclear envelope spacing

Cain

Starr

2014

Nucleus

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T he nuclear envelope consists of 2 membranes separated by 30-50 nm, but how the 2 membranes are evenly spaced has been an open question in the field. Nuclear envelope bridges composed of inner nuclear membrane SUN proteins and outer nuclear membrane KASH proteins have been proposed to set and regulate nuclear envelope spacing. We tested this hypothesis directly by examining nuclear envelope spacing in Caenorhabditis elegans animals lacking UNC-84, the sole somatic SUN protein. SUN/ KASH bridges are not required to maintain even nuclear envelope spacing in most tissues. However, UNC-84 is required for even spacing in body wall muscle nuclei. Shortening UNC-84 by 300 amino acids did not narrow the nuclear envelope space. While SUN proteins may play a role in maintaining nuclear envelope spacing in cells experiencing forces, our data suggest they are dispensable in most cells.

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“…Interestingly, kinesin-1 provides the major force to drag the nucleus towards the plus-end of MTs, whereas dynein fine-tunes the process by imposing smaller amplitude movements in the opposite direction . The mechanical forces exerted by the cytoskeleton are probably transmitted to the nucleoskeleton through a specific interaction between the SUN protein UNC-84 and the nuclear lamin, (Bone et al, 2014;Cain and Starr, 2015). Importantly, the molecular mechanism controlling nuclear positioning are evolutionary conserved, since the human LINC complex can partially rescue the hyp7 defective nuclear migration of double unc-83; unc-84 mutants (Cain et al, 2014).…”

Section: Mt-associated Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noncentrosomal microtubules in C. elegans epithelia

Quintin

Gally

Labouesse

2016

Genesis

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Summary:The microtubule cytoskeleton has a dual contribution to cell organization. First, microtubules help displace chromosomes and provide tracks for organelle transport. Second, microtubule rigidity confers specific mechanical properties to cells, which are crucial in cilia or mechanosensory structures. Here we review the recently uncovered organization and functions of noncentrosomal microtubules in C. elegans epithelia, focusing on how they contribute to nuclear positioning and protein transport. In addition, we describe recent data illustrating how the microtubule and actin cytoskeletons interact to achieve those functions. genesis 54:229-242, 2016. V C 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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TheCaenorhabditis elegansSUN protein UNC-84 interacts with lamin to transfer forces from the cytoplasm to the nucleoskeleton during nuclear migration

Abstract: The nucleoplasmic domain of the Caenorhabditis elegans SUN protein UNC-84 interacts with lamin. If this interaction is disrupted, a partial failure in nuclear migration occurs.

Cited by 60 publications

References 70 publications

Cell Biology of theCaenorhabditis elegansNucleus

Cell Biology of theCaenorhabditis elegansNucleus

SUN proteins and nuclear envelope spacing

Noncentrosomal microtubules in C. elegans epithelia

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