The <i>Brassica napus</i> Wall-Associated Kinase-Like (WAKL) gene <i>Rlm9</i> provides race-specific blackleg resistance

Larkan, Nicholas J.; Ma, Lisong; Haddadi, Parham; Buchwaldt, Miles; Parkin, Isobel A. P.; Djavaheri, Mohammad; Borhan, M. Hossein

doi:10.1101/815845

Cited by 14 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The 17.7 to 17.9 Mb genomic region of A07 represents to a cluster of R genes and maps approximately 2Mb apart the Rlm9 , encoding Wall-Associated Kinase like protein (BnaA07g20220D, 15.91 Mb) that was recently cloned in canola. ( Larkan et al., 2019 ). Previously, Rlm9 was mapped to a 15.95 Mb region in a DH population from Darmor- bzh /Yudal population ( Raman et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Association Mapping Identifies Novel Loci for Quantitative Resistance to Blackleg Disease in Canola

Raman¹,

McVittie²,

Pirathiban

et al. 2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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Blackleg disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans , continues to be a major concern for sustainable production of canola ( Brassica napus L.) in many parts of the world. The deployment of effective quantitative resistance (QR) is recognized as a durable strategy in providing natural defense to pathogens. Herein, we uncover loci for resistance to blackleg in a genetically diverse panel of canola accessions by exploiting historic recombination events which occurred during domestication and selective breeding by genome-wide association analysis (GWAS). We found extensive variation in resistance to blackleg at the adult plant stage, including for upper canopy infection. Using the linkage disequilibrium and genetic relationship estimates from 12,414 high quality SNPs, GWAS identified 59 statistically significant and “suggestive” SNPs on 17 chromosomes of B. napus genome that underlie variation in resistance to blackleg, evaluated under field and shade-house conditions. Each of the SNP association accounted for up to 25.1% of additive genetic variance in resistance among diverse panel of accessions. To understand the homology of QR genomic regions with Arabidopsis thaliana genome, we searched the synteny between QR regions with 22 ancestral blocks of Brassicaceae. Comparative analyses revealed that 25 SNP associations for QR were localized in nine ancestral blocks, as a result of genomic rearrangements. We further showed that phenological traits such as flowering time, plant height, and maturity confound the genetic variation in resistance. Altogether, these findings provided new insights on the complex genetic control of the blackleg resistance and further expanded our understanding of its genetic architecture.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Association Mapping Identifies Novel Loci for Quantitative Resistance to Blackleg Disease in Canola

Raman¹,

McVittie²,

Pirathiban

et al. 2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Jestin et al 62 used an association mapping method to characterize the molecular diversity using 128 oilseed rape accessions and identified five novel alleles. Rayman et al 63 positioned a new major locus, Rlm4, and the deposited region was further analyzed, with several candidates being characterized 64 71 . In addition to the major locus, some QTLs have also been characterized, including six and four that are stable under different environmental conditions 72,73 .…”

Section: Black Rotmentioning

confidence: 99%

An update on the arsenal: mining resistance genes for disease management of Brassica crops in the genomic era

Fang

Yang

et al. 2020

Hortic Res

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Brassica species include many economically important crops that provide nutrition and health-promoting substances to humans worldwide. However, as with all crops, their production is constantly threatened by emerging viral, bacterial, and fungal diseases, whose incidence has increased in recent years. Traditional methods of control are often costly, present limited effectiveness, and cause environmental damage; instead, the ideal approach is to mine and utilize the resistance genes of the Brassica crop hosts themselves. Fortunately, the development of genomics, molecular genetics, and biological techniques enables us to rapidly discover and apply resistance (R) genes. Herein, the R genes identified in Brassica crops are summarized, including their mapping and cloning, possible molecular mechanisms, and application in resistance breeding. Future perspectives concerning how to accurately discover additional R gene resources and efficiently utilize these genes in the genomic era are also discussed.

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“…In B. napus resistance against Blackleg, three of the known R genes have been cloned and were found to encode Leucine-Rich Repeats-Receptor Like Proteins (LRR-RLPs; Rlm2 and LepR3 ) and a wall-associated kinase-like (WAKL) protein ( Rlm9 ) [ 116 , 117 ]. The cloning of these genes provided the starting material for using RNA-seq to interrogate the detailed machinery involved in the resistance.…”

Section: Application Of Omics Technologies In Brassica mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rlm9 is only the second WAKL R -gene identified to date; hence, the mechanisms underlying its resistance are yet to be studied in detail. Initially, Larkan, et al [ 117 ] found Rlm9 did not seem to have a direct interaction with its counterpart Avr gene ( AvrLm5-9 ), and it is likely that a mediator molecule, such as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), is needed to effect resistance. This is supported by the findings of Brutus, et al [ 120 ], which showed that WAKLs can detect DAMPs following pathogen attack.…”

Section: Application Of Omics Technologies In Brassica mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Host–Pathogen Interactions in Brassica napus in the Omics Era

Neik

Amas

Barbetti

et al. 2020

Plants

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Brassica napus (canola/oilseed rape/rapeseed) is an economically important crop, mostly found in temperate and sub-tropical regions, that is cultivated widely for its edible oil. Major diseases of Brassica crops such as Blackleg, Clubroot, Sclerotinia Stem Rot, Downy Mildew, Alternaria Leaf Spot and White Rust have caused significant yield and economic losses in rapeseed-producing countries worldwide, exacerbated by global climate change, and, if not remedied effectively, will threaten global food security. To gain further insights into the host–pathogen interactions in relation to Brassica diseases, it is critical that we review current knowledge in this area and discuss how omics technologies can offer promising results and help to push boundaries in our understanding of the resistance mechanisms. Omics technologies, such as genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics approaches, allow us to understand the host and pathogen, as well as the interaction between the two species at a deeper level. With these integrated data in multi-omics and systems biology, we are able to breed high-quality disease-resistant Brassica crops in a more holistic, targeted and accurate way.

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The Brassica napus Wall-Associated Kinase-Like (WAKL) gene Rlm9 provides race-specific blackleg resistance

Cited by 14 publications

References 50 publications

Genome-Wide Association Mapping Identifies Novel Loci for Quantitative Resistance to Blackleg Disease in Canola

Genome-Wide Association Mapping Identifies Novel Loci for Quantitative Resistance to Blackleg Disease in Canola

An update on the arsenal: mining resistance genes for disease management of Brassica crops in the genomic era

Understanding Host–Pathogen Interactions in Brassica napus in the Omics Era

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