The ctnFgene is involved in citrinin and pigment synthesis inMonascus aurantiacus

Li, Yanping; Wang, Na; Jiao, Xuexue; Tu, Zhui; He, Qinghua; Fu, Jing-Li

doi:10.1002/jobm.202000059

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…These changes may be responsible for the lower yield of acetyl-coA (Figure 3D). Li et al [36] found that ctnF, an enzyme involved in CIT synthesis, exerted regulatory control over glycolytic flux, subsequently impacting CIT yield. Disruption of the pksCTα gene was found to hinder the transformation of glycerate-2P to phosphoenol-pyruvate, resulting in reduced enolase activity compared with M7.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Regulation of Two pksCT Gene Transcripts in Monascus ruber Impacts Citrinin Biosynthesis

He,

Zhu,

Dong

et al. 2023

JoF

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Citrinin (CIT), a secondary metabolite produced by the filamentous fungi Monascus species, exhibits nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, and carcinogenic effects in mammals, remarkably restricting the utilization of Monascus-derived products. CIT synthesis is mediated through the pksCT gene and modified by multiple genetic factors. Here, the regulatory effects of two pksCT transcripts, pksCTα, and pksCTβ, generated via pre-mRNA alternative splicing (AS), were investigated using hairpin RNA (ihpRNA) interference, and their impact on CIT biosynthesis and the underlying mechanisms were assessed through chemical biology and transcriptome analyses. The CIT yield in ihpRNA-pksCTα and ihpRNA-pksCT (α + β) transformants decreased from 7.2 μg/mL in the wild-type strain to 3.8 μg/mL and 0.08 μg/mL, respectively. Notably, several genes in the CIT biosynthetic gene cluster, specifically mrl3, mrl5, mrr1, and mrr5 in the ihpRNA-pksCT (α + β) transformant, were downregulated. Transcriptome results revealed that silencing pksCT has a great impact on carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and AS events. The key enzymes in the citrate cycle (TCA cycle) and glycolysis were significantly inhibited in the transformants, leading to a decrease in the production of biosynthetic precursors, such as acetyl-coenzyme-A (acetyl-coA) and malonyl-coenzyme-A (malonyl-coA). Furthermore, the reduction of CIT has a regulatory effect on lipid metabolism via redirecting acetyl-coA from CIT biosynthesis towards lipid biosynthesis. These findings offer insights into the mechanisms underlying CIT biosynthesis and AS in Monascus, thus providing a foundation for future research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Regulation of Two pksCT Gene Transcripts in Monascus ruber Impacts Citrinin Biosynthesis

He,

Zhu,

Dong

et al. 2023

JoF

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“…Currently, the amplification and expression of these two key genes serve as complementary methods for screening CIT-free/low-CIT Monascus strains . These findings have contributed to the mining and validation of several genes directly involved in CIT biosynthesis, including ctnB , ctnE , ctnF , and orf7 . − Acetyl coenzyme A and malonyl coenzyme A are the initial substrates for the synthesis of both pigments and CIT, and the metabolic flow of these substrates is disrupted when one of their synthetic pathways is blocked. Therefore, selecting the appropriate Monascus strains, including engineered strains with reduced or absent CIT production, can significantly mitigate CIT contamination during manufacturing, thereby enhancing the fermentation quality of cheese products.…”

Section: Control Of Cit Contamination In Cheese Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, Risk Implications, Prevention and Control of CIT in Monascus Cheese: A Review

Zhang,

Cheng,

Qin

et al. 2024

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Monascus is a filamentous fungus that has been used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. When used as an auxiliary fermenting agent in the manufacturing of cheese, Monascus cheese is obtained. Citrinin (CIT) is a well-known hepatorenal toxin produced by Monascus that can harm the kidneys structurally and functionally and is frequently found in foods. However, CIT contamination in Monascus cheese is exacerbated by the metabolic ability of Monascus to product CIT, which is not lost during fermentation, and by the threat of contamination by Penicillium spp. that may be introduced during production and processing. Considering the safety of consumption and subsequent industrial development, the CIT contamination of Monascus cheese products needs to be addressed. This review aimed to examine its occurrence in Monascus cheese, risk implications, traditional control strategies, and new research advances in prevention and control to guide the application of biotechnology in the control of CIT contamination, providing more possibilities for the application of Monascus in the cheese industry.

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Effects of mokF gene deletion and overexpression on the Monacolin K metabolism yields of Monascus purpureus

Zhang

Chen

Yang

et al. 2022

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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The ctnFgene is involved in citrinin and pigment synthesis inMonascus aurantiacus

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Metabolic Regulation of Two pksCT Gene Transcripts in Monascus ruber Impacts Citrinin Biosynthesis

Metabolic Regulation of Two pksCT Gene Transcripts in Monascus ruber Impacts Citrinin Biosynthesis

Occurrence, Risk Implications, Prevention and Control of CIT in Monascus Cheese: A Review

Effects of mokF gene deletion and overexpression on the Monacolin K metabolism yields of Monascus purpureus

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