The <i>Aspergillus niger</i> transcriptional activator XlnR, which is involved in the degradation of the polysaccharides xylan and cellulose, also regulates <scp>d</scp>‐xylose reductase gene expression

Hasper, Alinda A.; Visser, Jaap; Graaff, L.H. de

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01843.x

Cited by 134 publications

(86 citation statements)

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“…XlnR is a xylanolytic transcriptional activator specific to fungi [56] that effects a wide range of target genes, e.g., genes encoding xylan-degrading enzymes or the enzymes in the D-xylose metabolic pathway [57, 58] and even genes encoding cellobiohydrolases and endocellulases [59]. In this study, the XlnR gene was significantly up-regulated by cellulose and rice straw but not by xylan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of a superior biomass-degrading strain of A. fumigatus revealed active lignocellulose-degrading genes

Miao

Liu

et al. 2015

BMC Genomics

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BackgroundVarious saprotrophic microorganisms, especially filamentous fungi, can efficiently degrade lignocellulose that is one of the most abundant natural materials on earth. It consists of complex carbohydrates and aromatic polymers found in the plant cell wall and thus in plant debris. Aspergillus fumigatus Z5 was isolated from compost heaps and showed highly efficient plant biomass-degradation capability.ResultsThe 29-million base-pair genome of Z5 was sequenced and 9540 protein-coding genes were predicted and annotated. Genome analysis revealed an impressive array of genes encoding cellulases, hemicellulases and pectinases involved in lignocellulosic biomass degradation. Transcriptional responses of A. fumigatus Z5 induced by sucrose, oat spelt xylan, Avicel PH-101 and rice straw were compared. There were 444, 1711 and 1386 significantly differently expressed genes in xylan, cellulose and rice straw, respectively, when compared to sucrose as a control condition.ConclusionsCombined analysis of the genomic and transcriptomic data provides a comprehensive understanding of the responding mechanisms to the most abundant natural polysaccharides in A. fumigatus. This study provides a basis for further analysis of genes shown to be highly induced in the presence of polysaccharide substrates and also the information which could prove useful for biomass degradation and heterologous protein expression.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1658-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of a superior biomass-degrading strain of A. fumigatus revealed active lignocellulose-degrading genes

Miao

Liu

et al. 2015

BMC Genomics

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“…The L-xylulose reductase transcript was reported to be absent in a T. reesei Δ xyr1 strain, which severely affects its growth on D-xylose as the sole carbon source [9]. The expression of xylose reductase genes in A. niger is also dependent on XlnR, a homolog to Xyr1 [50]. These results indicate that Xyr1 regulates xylan-decomposing and xylose-metabolizing genes, suggesting that these genes are subjected to concerted evolution (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA Sequencing Reveals Xyr1 as a Transcription Factor Regulating Gene Expression beyond Carbohydrate Metabolism

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2016

BioMed Research International

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Xyr1 has been demonstrated to be the main transcription activator of (hemi)cellulases in the well-known cellulase producer Trichoderma reesei. This study comprehensively investigates the genes regulated by Xyr1 through RNA sequencing to produce the transcription profiles of T. reesei Rut-C30 and its xyr1 deletion mutant (Δxyr1), cultured on lignocellulose or glucose. xyr1 deletion resulted in 467 differentially expressed genes on inducing medium. Almost all functional genes involved in (hemi)cellulose degradation and many transporters belonging to the sugar porter family in the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) were downregulated in Δxyr1. By contrast, all differentially expressed protease, lipase, chitinase, some ATP-binding cassette transporters, and heat shock protein-encoding genes were upregulated in Δxyr1. When cultured on glucose, a total of 281 genes were expressed differentially in Δxyr1, most of which were involved in energy, solute transport, lipid, amino acid, and monosaccharide as well as secondary metabolism. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed that the intracellular β-glucosidase bgl2, the putative nonenzymatic cellulose-attacking gene cip1, the MFS lactose transporter lp, the nmrA-like gene, endo T, the acid protease pepA, and the small heat shock protein hsp23 were probable Xyr1-targets. These results might help elucidate the regulation system for synthesis and secretion of (hemi)cellulases in T. reesei Rut-C30.

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“…In Aspergilli [52, 86, 94, 95], except Aspergillus aculeatus [96], and T. reesei [63, 97] this regulator also controls the cellulolytic system, while this appears not to be the case in other species. So far, T. reesei is the only fungus with a clear XYR1 dependent regulation of the cellulolytic system [8].…”

Section: Transcription Factors Directly Involved In Plant Biomass Degmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulators of plant biomass degradation in ascomycetous fungi

Benocci

Pontes

Zhou

et al. 2017

Biotechnol Biofuels

179

158

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Fungi play a major role in the global carbon cycle because of their ability to utilize plant biomass (polysaccharides, proteins, and lignin) as carbon source. Due to the complexity and heterogenic composition of plant biomass, fungi need to produce a broad range of degrading enzymes, matching the composition of (part of) the prevalent substrate. This process is dependent on a network of regulators that not only control the extracellular enzymes that degrade the biomass, but also the metabolic pathways needed to metabolize the resulting monomers. This review will summarize the current knowledge on regulation of plant biomass utilization in fungi and compare the differences between fungal species, focusing in particular on the presence or absence of the regulators involved in this process.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13068-017-0841-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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The Aspergillus niger transcriptional activator XlnR, which is involved in the degradation of the polysaccharides xylan and cellulose, also regulates d‐xylose reductase gene expression

Cited by 134 publications

References 29 publications

Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of a superior biomass-degrading strain of A. fumigatus revealed active lignocellulose-degrading genes

Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of a superior biomass-degrading strain of A. fumigatus revealed active lignocellulose-degrading genes

RNA Sequencing Reveals Xyr1 as a Transcription Factor Regulating Gene Expression beyond Carbohydrate Metabolism

Regulators of plant biomass degradation in ascomycetous fungi

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