The hypothalamic satiety peptide CART is expressed in anorectic and non‐anorectic pancreatic islet tumors and in the normal islet of Langerhans

Jensen, Per Bo; Kristensen, Peter; Clausen, Jes Thorn; Judge, Martin E.; Hastrup, Sven; Thim, Lars; Wulff, Birgitte S.; Foged, Christian; Jensen, Jan; Holst, Jens J.; Madsen, Ole

doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00291-4

Cited by 95 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Nara-ashizawa et al demonstrated that CRH mRNA in the PVN was up-regulated in cachectic tumor-bearing mice [41]. Jensen et al demonstrated that hypothalamic CART is highly expressed in anorectic rat glucagonoma [48].…”

Section: Orexigenic Neuropeptides (Npy Agrp Orexins Mch) In Anorexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothalamic Neuropeptides and Appetite Response in Anorexia-Cachexia Animal

Ueta¹,

Hashimoto²,

Onuma

et al. 2007

Endocr J

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CACHEXIA, characterized by anorexia and marked weight loss, is a complex syndrome in patients with inflammatory disease and cancer. In particular, the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia is a multifactor syndrome that includes reduced food intake, alteration in energy and substrate metabolism in the host and accelerated fat and muscle loss [1]. As anorexia-cachexia syndrome compromises the quality of life and contributes to mortality in patients, it is important to examine the essential mechanisms of the syndrome in order to develop effective therapeutics even though anorexiacachexia syndrome may be caused by multiple factors.In this review, we focus on the hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression in an anorexia-cachexia animal model because neuropeptides in the hypothalamus may be the key molecules that regulate the appetite and feeding behavior in cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome [2] as well as in normal conditions [3,4]. Quantitative changes in neuropeptides gene expressions in the hypothalamus and the relevance of their changes in abnormal nutritional conditions (e.g., negative energy balance) are reviewed and discussed by a comparison of three different types of anorexia and anorexia-cachexia animal models; dehydration-induced anorexia, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced anorexia, and cancer-induced anorexia-cachexia syndrome. Hypothalamic neuropeptides related to appetite and feeding behaviorsIt is well established that appetite and feeding behaviors are primarily controlled by a feeding center, the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), and a satiety center, the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH), in the hypothalamus [5]. Recently, neural networks and chemical mediators among the hypothalamic nucleinot only the LHA and the VMH but also the arcuate nucleus (Arc) and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN)-related to feeding regulation have been studied by many investigators. Various kinds of neuropeptides as well as classic neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin act as feeding regulatory factors in the neural networks at these sites [6].For example, centrally administered neuropeptide Y (NPY) strongly stimulates feeding in mice and rats [7]. Many studies have demonstrated that the expression of the NPY gene was markedly increased in the neurons of the Arc after food deprivation (starvation). This type of peptide is called an "orexigenic" neuropeptide. Orexins/hypocretins, which are produced in the neurons located in the LHA [5], are also potent orexigenic neuropeptides. On the other hand, proopiomelanocortin (POMC), which encodes α melanocyte-stimulating

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Section: Orexigenic Neuropeptides (Npy Agrp Orexins Mch) In Anorexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothalamic Neuropeptides and Appetite Response in Anorexia-Cachexia Animal

Ueta¹,

Hashimoto²,

Onuma

et al. 2007

Endocr J

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“…Previous studies revealed the presence of CART both in the central and peripheral nervous system, including primary sensory neurons (Dun et al 2000), cholinergic nerves of pancreatic islets (Jensen et al 1999), intramural ganglia of the urinary bladder trigone (Zacharko-Siembida and Arciszewski 2014a) and neurons supplying the adrenal and thyroid glands .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and chemical coding patterns of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript-like immunoreactive (CART-LI) neurons in the enteric nervous system of the porcine stomach cardia

Rękawek¹,

Sobiech²,

Gonkowski³

et al. 2015

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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The aim of this study was to determine the presence of cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript-like immunoreactive (CART-LI) neurons and co-localisation of CART with vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (n-NOS), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP) and leu-enkephalin (LENK) in the enteric nervous system of the porcine gastric cardia by using a double-labelling immunofluorescence technique. CART-LI neurons were observed in the myenteric plexus (18.2±2.6%). A dense network of CART-LI nerve fibers was mainly observed in the muscular layer. CART showed co-localization mainly with VAChT, n-NOS, VIP and to a lesser degree with LENK and SP. Distribution of CART and its co-localization with other neurotransmitters suggest that this peptide plays an important role in gastric motility in the pig.

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“…2). In the normal state, CART is expressed in rats in a subpopulation of delta-and beta cells [7,21,24,25]. In mice, it is also found in a subpopulation of beta cells but it is barely detected in delta cells.…”

Section: Cart and Pancreatic Isletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low [7,21,24,25] Low [7,18,21] + [7] Undetected [21,24] Undetected [7,18,21] + [7] + [7,21,24,25] Low/Undetected [18,21] - †…”

Section: Ratmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript: a novel regulator of energy homeostasis expressed in a subpopulation of pancreatic islet cells

Gilon

2016

Diabetologia

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The hypothalamic satiety peptide CART is expressed in anorectic and non‐anorectic pancreatic islet tumors and in the normal islet of Langerhans

Cited by 95 publications

References 29 publications

Hypothalamic Neuropeptides and Appetite Response in Anorexia-Cachexia Animal

Hypothalamic Neuropeptides and Appetite Response in Anorexia-Cachexia Animal

Distribution and chemical coding patterns of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript-like immunoreactive (CART-LI) neurons in the enteric nervous system of the porcine stomach cardia

Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript: a novel regulator of energy homeostasis expressed in a subpopulation of pancreatic islet cells

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