The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as a substrate for stress resilience: Interactions with the circadian clock

Kinlein, Scott A.; Karatsoreos, Ilia N.

doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100819

Cited by 38 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 197 publications

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“…Interventions that normalize HRV may lead to improved HPA axis functioning, and protect healthcare workers from a variety of adverse outcomes. A similar relationship has been identified between human circadian rhythms and the HPA axis response to stress; sleep deprivation and frequent changes in sleep-wake schedule can all contribute to dysfunction of this pathway, leading to reduced resilience ( Kinlein and Karatsoreos, 2020 ). This aspect is of particular relevance to healthcare workers involved in frontline or intensive care duties during the COVID-19 pandemic.…”

Section: Key Research Areas In the Neurobiology Of Resilience And Thementioning

confidence: 70%

Harnessing the Neurobiology of Resilience to Protect the Mental Well-Being of Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Rajkumar

2021

Front. Psychol.

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Healthcare workers are at a high risk of psychological morbidity in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is significant variability in the impact of this crisis on individual healthcare workers, which can be best explained through an appreciation of the construct of resilience. Broadly speaking, resilience refers to the ability to successfully adapt to stressful or traumatic events, and thus plays a key role in determining mental health outcomes following exposure to such events. A proper understanding of resilience is vital in enabling a shift from a reactive to a proactive approach for protecting and promoting the mental well-being of healthcare workers. Research in the past decade has identified six areas that provide promising leads in understanding the biological basis of individual variations in resilience. These are: (1) the key role played by the monoamines noradrenaline and serotonin, (2) the centrality of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in influencing stress vulnerability and resilience, (3) the intimate links between the immune system and stress sensitivity, (4) the role of epigenetic modulation of gene expression in influencing the stress response, (5) the role played by certain neuropeptides as a natural “brake” mechanism in the face of stress, and (6) the neurobiological mechanisms by which environmental factors, such as exercise, diet, and social support, influence resilience to subsequent life events. Though much of this research is still in its early stages, it has already provided valuable information on which strategies – including dietary changes, lifestyle modification, environmental modification, psychosocial interventions, and even pharmacological treatments – may prove to be useful in fostering resilience in individuals and groups. This paper examines the above evidence more closely, with a specific focus on the challenges faced by healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, and provides suggestions regarding how it may be translated into real-world interventions, as well as how the more tentative hypotheses advanced in this field may be tested during this critical period.

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Section: Key Research Areas In the Neurobiology Of Resilience And Thementioning

confidence: 70%

Harnessing the Neurobiology of Resilience to Protect the Mental Well-Being of Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Rajkumar

2021

Front. Psychol.

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“…The protocols may weaken the zeitgeber-setting mechanism, and impact the stability of the timing of daily behaviors, such as sleeping, getting up, socializing, eating, physical practice, and entertainment, which, in turn, lead to mental health disorders, such as anxiety and depression [ 7 ]. The third factor is the daily function of HPA activity, which is also regulated by the biological clock [ 41 ]. Anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder have been associated with increased and blunted HPA axis reactivity to social stress respectively, which engages the diverse biological pathways that bolster successful stress adaptation and promote stress resilience.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disrupted rhythms of life, work and entertainment and their associations with psychological impacts under the stress of the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey in 5854 Chinese people with different sociodemographic backgrounds

Yang

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Background & aim The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the life and work of people worldwide. The present study aimed to evaluate the rhythm disruptions of life, work, and entertainment, and their associations with the psychological impacts during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted from the 10th to 17th March 2020 in China. A structured e-questionnaire containing general information, the Chinese version of Brief Social Rhythm Scale, and Zung’s self-rating scales of depression and anxiety (SDS and SAS) was posted and collected online through a public media (i.e. EQxiu online questionnaire platform). Scores in sleeping, getting up, and socializing (SGS) rhythm and eating, physical practice, and entertainment (EPE) rhythm were compared among and between participants with different sociodemographic backgrounds including gender, age, education, current occupation, annual income, health status, and chronic disease status. Correlations of SDS and SAS with SGS-scale and EPE-scale were also analyzed. Results Overall, 5854 participants were included. There were significant differences in the scores of SGS-scale and EPE-scale among people with different sociodemographic backgrounds. The scores were significantly higher in the groups with female gender, low education level, lower or higher than average income, poor health status, ages of 26–30 years or older than 61 years, nurses and subjects with divorce or widow status. There were also significant differences in SAS and SDS scores among people with different sociodemographic backgrounds (all P< 0.05). The overall prevalence of depression and anxiety was 24.3% and 12.6%, respectively, with nurses having the highest rates of depression (32.94%) and anxiety (18.98%) among the different occupational groups. SGS-scale was moderately correlated with SDS and SAS, and disruption of SGS rhythm was an independent risk factor for depression and anxiety. Conclusion Social rhythm disruption was independently associated with depression and anxiety. Interventions should be applied to people vulnerable to the rhythm disruption during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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“…The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis modulates the neurobehavioral and physiological responses to stress, triggering the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative damage to the DNA, proteins and lipids ( Kinlein & Karatsoreos, 2019 ). The oxidative stress generated in response to psychological distress is related to various diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases ( Wadhwa & Maurya, 2018 ), type 2 diabetes mellitus ( Hackett & Steptoe, 2017 ), autoimmune diseases ( Sharif et al, 2018 ), cancer ( Kruk et al, 2019 ), among all.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver proteome alterations in psychologically distressed rats and a nootropic drug

González-Fernández

Grigoruta

Chávez-Martínez

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Background Chronic psychological distress is considered today a pandemic due to the modern lifestyle and has been associated with various neurodegenerative, autoimmune, or systemic inflammation-related diseases. Stress is closely related to liver disease exacerbation through the high activity of the endocrine and autonomic nervous systems, and the connection between the development of these pathologies and the physiological effects induced by oxidative stress is not yet completely understood. The use of nootropics, as the cognitive enhancer and antioxidant piracetam, is attractive to repair the oxidative damage. A proteomic approach provides the possibility to obtain an in-depth comprehension of the affected cellular processes and the possible consequences for the body. Therefore, we considered to describe the effect of distress and piracetam on the liver proteome. Methods We used a murine model of psychological stress by predatory odor as a distress paradigm. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were distributed into four experimental groups (n = 6 − 7/group) and were exposed or not to the stressor for five days and treated or not with piracetam (600 mg/kg) for six days. We evaluated the liver proteome by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D-SDS-PAGE) followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GeLC-MS/MS). Besides, we analyzed the activity of liver antioxidant enzymes, the biochemical parameters in plasma and rat behavior. Results Our results showed that distress altered a wide range of proteins involved in amino acids metabolism, glucose, and fatty acid mobilization and degradation on the way to produce energy, protein folding, trafficking and degradation, redox metabolism, and its implications in the development of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Piracetam reverted the changes in metabolism caused by distress exposure, and, under physiological conditions, it increased catabolism rate directed towards energy production. These results confirm the possible relationship between chronic psychological stress and the progression of NAFLD, as well as we newly evidenced the controversial beneficial effects of piracetam. Finally, we propose new distress biomarkers in the liver as the protein DJ-1 (PARK7), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX), peroxiredoxin-5 (PRDX5), glutaredoxin 5 (GLRX5), and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNDR1), and in plasma as biochemical parameters related to kidney function such as urea and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels.

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The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as a substrate for stress resilience: Interactions with the circadian clock

Cited by 38 publications

References 197 publications

Harnessing the Neurobiology of Resilience to Protect the Mental Well-Being of Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Harnessing the Neurobiology of Resilience to Protect the Mental Well-Being of Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Disrupted rhythms of life, work and entertainment and their associations with psychological impacts under the stress of the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey in 5854 Chinese people with different sociodemographic backgrounds

Liver proteome alterations in psychologically distressed rats and a nootropic drug

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