The Hypomania Checklist (HCL) — Systematic review of its properties to screen for bipolar disorders

Meyer, Thomas D.; Schrader, Julia; Ridley, Matthew; Lex, Claudia

doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.03.002

Cited by 40 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Overall, this definition of hypomanic symptoms, which includes severity, impairment and duration criteria, is more conservative than several other studies, which have tended to use only the threshold score of 14 (Hardoy et al 2005;Meyer et al 2007Meyer et al , 2014. We chose a duration criterion of 2-3 days or more because the 4-day threshold within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) excludes many individuals with bipolar disorder type II (Goldberg et al 2009;Bauer et al 2011;Parker et al 2014), and because 2 days is known to be the modal duration of hypomania in bipolar II disorder (Benazzi, 2001;Angst & Cassano, 2005).…”

Section: Assessment Of Hypomanic Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood interleukin-6, C-reactive protein and atopic disorders as risk factors for hypomanic symptoms in young adulthood: a longitudinal birth cohort study

Hayes¹,

Khandaker²,

Anderson³

et al. 2017

Psychol. Med.

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Background. There are no existing longitudinal studies of inflammatory markers and atopic disorders in childhood and risk of hypomanic symptoms in adulthood. This study examined if childhood: (1) serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP); and (2) asthma and/or eczema are associated with features of hypomania in young adulthood.Method. Participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a prospective general population UK birth cohort, had non-fasting blood samples for IL-6 and CRP measurement at the age of 9 years (n = 4645), and parents answered a question about doctor-diagnosed atopic illness before the age of 10 years (n = 7809). These participants completed the Hypomania Checklist at age 22 years (n = 3361).Results. After adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, socio-economic status, past psychological and behavioural problems, body mass index and maternal postnatal depression, participants in the top third of IL-6 values at 9 years, compared with the bottom third, had an increased risk of hypomanic symptoms by age 22 years [adjusted odds ratio 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-2.85, p < 0.001]. Higher IL-6 levels in childhood were associated with adult hypomania features in a dose-response fashion. After further adjustment for depression at the age of 18 years this association remained (adjusted odds ratio 1.70, 95% CI 1.03-2.81, p = 0.038). There was no evidence of an association of hypomanic symptoms with CRP levels, asthma or eczema in childhood.Conclusions. Higher levels of systemic inflammatory marker IL-6 in childhood were associated with hypomanic symptoms in young adulthood, suggesting that inflammation may play a role in the pathophysiology of mania. Inflammatory pathways may be suitable targets for the prevention and intervention for bipolar disorder.

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Section: Assessment Of Hypomanic Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood interleukin-6, C-reactive protein and atopic disorders as risk factors for hypomanic symptoms in young adulthood: a longitudinal birth cohort study

Hayes¹,

Khandaker²,

Anderson³

et al. 2017

Psychol. Med.

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“…In total, 9,359 participants were invited to complete the HCL-32, of whom 3,448 (37%) returned the questionnaire. The HCL-32 has been used extensively in clinical and non-clinical settings and is validated as a screening tool for BD type II (Angst et al, 2011;Forty et al, 2009;Holtmann et al, 2009;Meyer et al, 2014).…”

Section: Hypomaniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic risk for bipolar disorder and psychopathology from childhood to early adulthood

Mistry

Escott‐Price

Florio

et al. 2019

Journal of Affective Disorders

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Background Studying the phenotypic manifestations of increased genetic liability for Bipolar Disorder (BD) can increase understanding of this disorder. Aims We assessed whether genetic risk for BD was associated with childhood psychopathology and features of hypomania in young adulthood within a large population-based birth cohort. Methods We used data from the second Psychiatric Genetics Consortium Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) for Bipolar Disorder to construct a polygenic risk score (PRS) for each individual in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Linear and logistic regression models were used to assess associations between the BD-PRS and emotional/behavioural difficulties, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) traits in childhood, as well as hypomania in early adulthood (sample sizes from 2,654 to 6,111). Results The BD-PRS was not associated with total hypomania score, but was weakly associated with a binary measure of hypomania (OR=1.13, 95%CI 0.98,1.32; p=0.097), and particularly at higher hypomania symptom thresholds (strongest evidence OR=1.33, 95%CI 1.07, 1.65; p=0.01). The BD-PRS was also associated with ADHD (OR=1.31, 95%CI 1.10, 1.57; p=0.018), but not with other childhood psychopathology. 3 Limitations The PRS only captures common genetic variation and currently explains a relatively small proportion of the variance for BD. Conclusions The BD-PRS was associated with ADHD in childhood, and weakly with adult hypomania, but not with other psychopathology examined. Our findings suggest that genetic risk for BD does not appear to manifest in childhood to the same extent as schizophrenia genetic risk has been reported to do.

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“…However, this instrument is well validated as a screening tool for bipolar disorder type II. [26,27] It is also possible that respondents completed the HCL-32 with reference to a period of intoxication with recreational drugs, even though the opening statement specifically asks that they consider "a period when [they] were in a high state, not related to recreational drug use". There have not yet been sensitivity and specificity tests of the HCL-32 as a categorical measure which includes both duration and impact on functioning as criteria but it is likely that by including these features we improve sensitivity for a diagnosis of hypomania (previous methods have tended to focus solely on a threshold score on the HCL-32, usually 14 out of 32).…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to tobacco smoke in utero or during early childhood and risk of hypomania: Prospective birth cohort study

et al. 2017

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Objectives Using data from a prospective birth cohort, we aimed to test for an association between exposure to tobacco smoke in utero or during early development and the experience of hypomania assessed in young adulthood.Methods We used data on 2,957 participants from a large birth cohort (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, ALSPAC). The primary outcome of interest was hypomania, and the secondary outcome was 'hypomania plus previous psychotic experiences (PE)'. Maternally-reported smoking during pregnancy, paternal smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in childhood were the exposures of interest. Multivariable logistic regression was used and estimates of association were adjusted for socio-economic, lifestyle and obstetric factors.Results There was weak evidence of an association between exposure to maternal smoking in utero and lifetime hypomania. However, there was a strong association of maternal smoking during pregnancy within the sub-group of individuals with hypomania who had also experienced psychotic symptoms (OR = 3·45, 95%CI 1·49=7·98, P = 0·004). There was no association between paternal smoking, or exposure to ETS during childhood, and hypomania outcomes. ConclusionsExposure to smoking in utero may be a risk factor for more severe forms of psychopathology on the mood-psychosis spectrum, rather than DSM-defined bipolar disorder.

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The Hypomania Checklist (HCL) — Systematic review of its properties to screen for bipolar disorders

Cited by 40 publications

References 48 publications

Childhood interleukin-6, C-reactive protein and atopic disorders as risk factors for hypomanic symptoms in young adulthood: a longitudinal birth cohort study

Childhood interleukin-6, C-reactive protein and atopic disorders as risk factors for hypomanic symptoms in young adulthood: a longitudinal birth cohort study

Genetic risk for bipolar disorder and psychopathology from childhood to early adulthood

Exposure to tobacco smoke in utero or during early childhood and risk of hypomania: Prospective birth cohort study

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