The Hypogene Iron Oxide Copper-Gold Mineralization in the Mantoverde District, Northern Chile

Rieger, Ana A.; Marschik, Robert; Díaz, Manuel; Hölzl, Stefan; Chiaradia, Massimo; Akker, Burç; Spangenberg, Jorge E.

doi:10.2113/econgeo.105.7.1271

Cited by 52 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…The origin of IOCG deposits is controversial and several authors have proposed different models to explain the formation of these deposits (e.g., Hitzman et al, 1992;Barton and Johnson, 1996;Ullrich and Clark, 1999;Pollard, 2000;Marschik and Fontboté, 2001;Benavides et al, 2007;Rieger et al, 2010;Barton, 2014). The main debate is centered on the origin of the hydrothermal fluids responsible for the mineralization; i.e., the magmatic-hydrothermal vs. the non-magmatic (basinal or metamorphic) model (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two general hypotheses have been presented regarding the origin of IOCG deposits; an origin from magmatic fluids (e.g., Hitzman et al, 1992;Pollard, 2000;Rieger et al, 2010), and a second model based on…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This model was later expanded and modified based on the strong structural control of the deposits and spatial association with early mafic dikes (Sillitoe, 2003). Although the transition from IOA to IOCG has not been reported at the district/deposit scale, the zonation from a magnetite-rich IOCG towards a hematite-rich IOCG has been recognized in the Mantoverde deposit (Rieger et al, 2010).…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unraveling the origin of the Andean IOCG clan: A Re-Os isotope approach

Barra

Reich

Selby

et al. 2017

Ore Geology Reviews

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'Unraveling the origin of the Andean IOCG clan : a Re-Os isotope approach.', Ore geology reviews., 81 (Part 1). pp. 62-78. Further information on publisher's website: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T Chilean IOCGs is the result of different events with metals derived from diverse sources i.e., the magmatic-hydrothermal system and basement/host rocks. A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPTRhenium and Os concentrations for the various studied deposits vary over a wide range of values at the ppb and ppt level, respectively, with many sulfides and magnetite bearing appreciable no common Os. The Re and Os contents in sulfides (pyrite, IOCGs in China and Australia argue for the involvement of a much more radiogenic crustal source possibly related to non-magmatic oxidized saline brines that leached basement rocks. A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPTWe conclude that Andean IOCG (and IOA) deposits in northern Chile were formed mainly by magmatic-hydrothermal processes related to the formation and emplacement of plutonic rocks with moderate contribution from leaching of basement and/or volcanic host rocks. Surface or basin-derived brines as well as sediments appear to play only a minor role in the formation of the Chilean IOCG clan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unraveling the origin of the Andean IOCG clan: A Re-Os isotope approach

Barra

Reich

Selby

et al. 2017

Ore Geology Reviews

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“…Stable isotope evidence for a non-magmatic origin, at least for sulphur and oxygen, was presented by Ullrich and Clark (1999) for La Candelaria, the most important Cu-rich IOCG deposit in the Central Andes, but the incursion of basinal fluids had earlier been documented at Olympic Dam by Haynes et al (1995). Although the ore metals, i.e., Cu and Au in these deposits, may be, at least in part, magma-derived (Marschik and Fontboté, 2001;Rieger et al, 2010), such inherently complex genetic models have direct implications for the occurrence of, and hence exploration for, Cu-rich IOCG's, as is exemplified by the studies of Benavides et al (2007) in the Mantoverde district of northern Chile, Chen et al (2010Chen et al ( , 2011 in the Mina Justa deposit of southern Peru and Monteiro et al (2008) in the Carajás district of Brazil.…”

Section: Controversial Ore Genesismentioning

confidence: 96%

External sulphur in IOCG mineralization: Implications on definition and classification of the IOCG clan

Chen

2013

Ore Geology Reviews

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“…The prospects are associated with a sericitechlorite-carbonate hydrothermal alteration assemblage that postdates an earlier and deeper amphibole-K feldsparmagnetite assemblage (Benavides et al 2007;Rieger et al 2011), of which the Mantoverde (140 Mt at 0.63% Cu), Carmen de Cobre (71 Mt at 0.65% Cu), and Teresa de Colmo (92 Mt at 0.53% Cu) deposits are the most significant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The boron isotope geochemistry of tourmaline-rich alteration in the IOCG systems of northern Chile: implications for a magmatic-hydrothermal origin

2011

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Hydrothermal tourmaline is common in the iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) deposits of the Coastal Cordillera of Chile where it occurs as large crystals in the groundmass of magmatic-hydrothermal breccias, such as in the Silvita or Tropezón ore bodies, or as small grains in replacive bodies or breccia cement in the ore-bearing andesite, as seen at the Candelaria or Carola deposits. Tourmaline shows strong chemical zoning and has a composition of schorl-dravite with significant povondraite and uvite components. The observed boron isotope composition is fairly variable, between −10.4‰ and +6.0‰ with no major differences among the different deposits, suggesting a common genetic mechanism. The δ 11 B values are significantly lower than those of seawater or marine evaporites and very similar to those of younger porphyry copper deposits and volcanic rocks in the region, indicating that the boron has a common, likely magmatic, origin. The predominant boron source was ultimately dewatering of the subducting slab with a significant contribution derived from the overlying continental basement. The range of δ 11 B values is between those of the porphyry copper deposits and the porphyry tin deposits of the Andes, suggesting that the IOCG mineralization might be genetically related to fluids having more crustal contamination than the porphyry copper deposits; such an interpretation is at odds with current models that propose that the Andean IOCG deposits are related to juvenile melts or to the circulation of basinal brines. Furthermore, the obtained δ 11 B data are markedly different from those of the tourmaline in the Carajás IOCG district (Brazil), suggesting that IOCGs do not form by a unique mechanism involving only one type of fluids.

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The Hypogene Iron Oxide Copper-Gold Mineralization in the Mantoverde District, Northern Chile

Cited by 52 publications

References 50 publications

Unraveling the origin of the Andean IOCG clan: A Re-Os isotope approach

Unraveling the origin of the Andean IOCG clan: A Re-Os isotope approach

External sulphur in IOCG mineralization: Implications on definition and classification of the IOCG clan

The boron isotope geochemistry of tourmaline-rich alteration in the IOCG systems of northern Chile: implications for a magmatic-hydrothermal origin

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