The hypocretin (orexin) system: from a neural circuitry perspective

Li, Shi-Bin; Lecea, Luı́s de

doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.107993

Cited by 97 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 257 publications

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“…OXA and OXB bind to orexin receptors with different affinity (OX 1 R is ß50 fold more selective towards OXA than OXB, whereas OX 2 R has a similar affinity to both peptides), and OX 1 R and OX 2 R are expressed in distinct brain areas (Kukkonen, 2013;Thompson et al 2014;Li & de Lecea, 2020). Structures such as the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus or ventral tegmental area were found to co-express both orexin receptors, whereas the locus coeruleus preferentially expresses OX 1 R and the tubero-mammillary nucleus -OX 2 R (Hervieu et al 2001;Marcus et al 2001;Inutsuka & Yamanaka, 2013;Ch'ng & Lawrence, 2015).…”

Section: Orexin Receptors Differentiate Three Subparts Of the Lgnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian actions of orexins on the retinorecipient lateral geniculate complex in rat

Chrobok

Jeczmien-Lazur

Pradel

et al. 2020

The Journal of Physiology

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Rhythmic processes in living organisms are controlled by biological clocks. The orexinergic system of the lateral hypothalamus carries circadian information to provide arousal for the brain during the active phase. r Here, we show that orexins exert an excitatory action in three parts of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), in particular upon directly retinorecipient neurons in the non-image forming visual structures. r We provide evidence for the high nocturnal levels of orexins with stable circadian expression of predominant orexin receptor 2 in the LGN. r Our data additionally establish the convergence of orexinergic and pituitary adenylate cyclase (PAC)-activating peptide/PAC1 receptor systems (used by melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells), which directly regulates responses to the retinal input. r These results help us better understand circadian orexinergic control over the non-image forming subcortical visual system, forming the animal's preparedness for the behaviourally active night.

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Section: Orexin Receptors Differentiate Three Subparts Of the Lgnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian actions of orexins on the retinorecipient lateral geniculate complex in rat

Chrobok

Jeczmien-Lazur

Pradel

et al. 2020

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Orexin is a peptide that is delivered from the lateral hypothalamus via wide projections across the entire central nervous system, including to other local (hypothalamic) neurons that are important for modulating arousal, appetite, and activity of the neuroendocrine functions (Li & de Lecea, 2020). Layer 6b cortical cell populations are the only orexin sensitive cell groups in sensory regions of the cerebral cortex (Bayer et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In search of common developmental and evolutionary origin of the claustrum and subplate

Bruguier

Suárez

Manger

et al. 2020

J of Comparative Neurology

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The human claustrum, a major hub of widespread neocortical connections, is a thin, bilateral sheet of gray matter located between the insular cortex and the striatum. The subplate is a largely transient cortical structure that contains some of the earliest generated neurons of the cerebral cortex and has important developmental functions to establish intra-and extracortical connections. In human and macaque some subplate cells undergo regulated cell death, but some remain as interstitial white matter cells. In mouse and rat brains a compact layer is formed, Layer 6b, and it remains underneath the cortex, adjacent to the white matter. Whether Layer 6b in rodents is homologous to primate subplate or interstitial white matter cells is still debated. Gene expression patterns, such as those of Nurr1/Nr4a2, have suggested that the rodent subplate and the persistent subplate cells in Layer 6b and the claustrum might have similar origins. Moreover, the birthdates of the claustrum and Layer 6b are similarly precocious in mice. These observations prompted our speculations on the common developmental and evolutionary origin of the claustrum and the subplate. Here we systematically compare the currently available data on cytoarchitecture, evolutionary origin, gene expression, cell types, birthdates, neurogenesis, lineage and migration, circuit connectivity, and cell death of the neurons that contribute to the claustrum and subplate. Based on their similarities and differences we propose a partially common early evolutionary origin of the cells that become claustrum and subplate, a likely scenario that is shared in these cell populations across all amniotes.

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“…In addition, we identify multiple evolved coding changes within hcrtr2 , a receptor that regulates sleep across vertebrate species 63 . This study uncovered unique changes in cave populations at the hcrtr2 locus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A chromosome level genome ofAstyanax mexicanussurface fish for comparing population-specific genetic differences contributing to trait evolution

Warren

Boggs

Borowsky

et al. 2020

Preprint

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AbstractIdentifying the genetic factors that underlie complex traits is central to understanding the mechanistic underpinnings of evolution. In nature, adaptation to severe environmental change, such as encountered following colonization of caves, has dramatically altered genomes of species over varied time spans. Genomic sequencing approaches have identified mutations associated with troglomorphic trait evolution, but the functional impacts of these mutations remain poorly understood. The Mexican Tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, is abundant in the surface waters of northeastern Mexico, and also inhabits at least 30 different caves in the region. Cave-dwelling A. mexicanus morphs are well adapted to subterranean life and many populations appear to have evolved troglomorphic traits independently, while the surface-dwelling populations can be used as a proxy for the ancestral form. Here we present a high-resolution, chromosome-level surface fish genome, enabling the first genome-wide comparison between surface fish and cavefish populations. Using this resource, we performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping analyses for pigmentation and eye size and found new candidate genes for eye loss such as dusp26. We used CRISPR gene editing in A. mexicanus to confirm the essential role of a gene within an eye size QTL, rx3, in eye formation. We also generated the first genome-wide evaluation of deletion variability that includes an analysis of the impact on protein-coding genes across cavefish populations to gain insight into this potential source of cave adaptation. The new surface fish genome reference now provides a more complete resource for comparative, functional, developmental and genetic studies of drastic trait differences within a species.

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The hypocretin (orexin) system: from a neural circuitry perspective

Cited by 97 publications

References 257 publications

Circadian actions of orexins on the retinorecipient lateral geniculate complex in rat

Circadian actions of orexins on the retinorecipient lateral geniculate complex in rat

In search of common developmental and evolutionary origin of the claustrum and subplate

A chromosome level genome ofAstyanax mexicanussurface fish for comparing population-specific genetic differences contributing to trait evolution

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