The Hypersensitive Response to <i>Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus</i> Nuclear Shuttle Protein Is Inhibited by Transcriptional Activator Protein

Hussain, Mazhar; Mansoor, Shahid; Iram, Shazia; Zafar, Yusuf; Briddon, R. W.

doi:10.1094/mpmi-20-12-1581

Cited by 61 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…Of those genes, we focused on p35 (ORF135) due to its prominent antiapoptotic activity (29). Another reason for this selection was based on a previous study in which an inhibitor of apoptosis (transcriptional activator protein [TrAP]) from tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus was shown to have RNAi-suppressive activity (30). To investigate the potential VSR activity of p35, we inserted the gene coding for the protein into the pIZ/V5 vector (pIZ/p35) and transfected it into Sf9 cells, followed by transfection of the cells with pIZ/GFP and dsGFP after 48 h of initial transfection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Baculovirus Antiapoptotic p35 Protein Functions as an Inhibitor of the Host RNA Interference Antiviral Response

Mehrabadi

Hussain

Matindoost

et al. 2015

J Virol

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RNA interference (RNAi) is considered an ancient antiviral defense in diverse organisms, including insects. Virus infections generate double-strand RNAs (dsRNAs) that trigger the RNAi machinery to process dsRNAs into virus-derived short interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs), which target virus genomes, mRNAs, or replication intermediates. Viruses, in turn, have evolved viral suppressors of RNAi (VSRs) to counter host antiviral RNAi. Following recent discoveries that insects mount an RNAi response against DNA viruses, in this study, we found that Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) infection similarly induces an RNAi response in Spodoptera frugiperda cells by generating a large number of vsiRNAs postinfection. Interestingly, we found that AcMNPV expresses a potent VSR to counter RNAi. The viral p35 gene, which is well known as an inhibitor of apoptosis, was found to be responsible for the suppression of RNAi in diverse insect and mammalian cells. The VSR activity of p35 was further confirmed by a p35-null AcMNPV that did not suppress the response. In addition, our results showed that the VSR activity is not due to inhibition of dsRNA cleavage by Dicer-2 but acts downstream in the RNAi pathway. Furthermore, we found that the VSR activity is not linked to the antiapoptotic activity of the protein. Overall, our results provide evidence for the existence of VSR activity in a double-stranded DNA virus and identify the responsible gene, which is involved in the inhibition of RNAi as well as apoptosis. IMPORTANCEOur findings demonstrate the occurrence of an insect RNAi response against a baculovirus (AcMNPV) that is highly utilized in microbial control, biological and biomedical research, and protein expression. Moreover, our investigations led to the identification of a viral suppressor of RNAi activity and the gene responsible for the activity. Notably, this gene is also a potent inhibitor of apoptosis. The outcomes signify the dual role of a virus-encoded protein in nullifying two key antiviral responses, apoptosis and RNAi. RNA interference (RNAi) is a highly conserved sequence-specific gene silencing mechanism in diverse eukaryotes, involved in the regulation of some critical processes, including virus-host interactions in insects, plants, fungi, and mammals (1, 2). Viral infections in insects induce an RNAi-based antiviral response through processing of virus-specific double-strand RNAs (dsRNAs) into virus-derived short interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) by the action of Dicer-2 (DCR-2). vsiRNAs are then loaded into Argonaute-2 (Ago-2), a part of the protein complex known as the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). This complex cleaves target RNAs based on sequence complementarity of the loaded small RNA (3). The RNAi-based antiviral response can be mounted through another type of functional noncoding small RNA, microRNA (miRNA). After processing by DCR-1, mature miRNAs are loaded into Ago proteins and guide the miRNA-RISC to mRNA target sequences (4). Unlike siRNA, in animals, miRNA sequences are ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Baculovirus Antiapoptotic p35 Protein Functions as an Inhibitor of the Host RNA Interference Antiviral Response

Mehrabadi

Hussain

Matindoost

et al. 2015

J Virol

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“…Complexes between viral C1/Rep and cellular RBR triggered plant CD (Jordan et al 2007). In contrast, ToLCNDV TrAP was capable of countering NSPinduced hypersensitive CD (Hussain et al 2007). The monopartite begomovirus V2 could elicit an HR in N. benthamiana, while the expression of C2 inhibited V2-induced CD when expressed at the site of inoculation under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter (Mubin et al 2010;Amin et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The PVX expression system was shown to be productive for the expression of various begomovirus individual genes in N. benthamiana and tomato plants (Hussain et al 2007;Mubin et al 2010;Sharma and Ikegami 2010;Luna et al 2012). The recombinant PVX was infiltrated into N. benthamiana and tomato leaves, and the treated plants were maintained in a greenhouse for 30 days, during which symptoms were periodically recorded.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) was not able to induce HR/CD in infected N. tabacum and tomato plants (Hussain et al 2007). However, the nuclear shuttle protein (NSP) encoded by the bipartite begomovirus ToLCNDV DNA B-induced CD when expressed under the control of the Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter or when cloned in a Potato virus X (PVX) expression vector (Hussain et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The six Tomato yellow leaf curl virus genes expressed individually in tomato induce different levels of plant stress response attenuation

Gorovits

Moshe

Amrani

et al. 2017

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a begomovirus infecting tomato plants worldwide. TYLCV needs a healthy host environment to ensure a successful infection cycle for long periods. Hence, TYLCV restrains its destructive effect and induces neither a hypersensitive response nor cell death in infected tomatoes. On the contrary, TYLCV counteracts cell death induced by other factors, such as inactivation of HSP90 functionality. Suppression of plant death is associated with the inhibition of the ubiquitin 26S proteasome degradation and with a deactivation of the heat shock transcription factor HSFA2 pathways (including decreased HSP17 levels). The goal of the current study was to find if the individual TYLCV genes were capable of suppressing HSP90-dependent death and HSFA2 deactivation. The expression of C2 (C3 and CP to a lesser extent) caused a decrease in the severity of death phenotypes, while the expression of V2 (C1 and C4 to a lesser extent) strengthened cell death. However, C2 or V2 markedly affected stress response under conditions of viral infection. The downregulation of HSFA2 signaling, initiated by the expression of C1 and V2, was detected in the absence of virus infection, but was enhanced in infected plants, while CP and C4 mitigated HSFA2 levels only in the infected tomatoes. The dependence of analyzed plant stress response suppression on the interaction of the expressed genes with the environment created by the whole virus infection was more pronounced than on the expression of individual TYLCV genes.

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“…controls viral induced hypersensitive cell death (Hussain et al, 2007;Mubin et al, 2010), AC3 Replication enhancer protein (REn)…”

Section: Ac2 Transcription Associated Protein (Trap)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission Specificity and Coinfection of Mastrevirus with Begomovirus

Khalid¹,

Ur-Rehman²,

Hameed³

et al. 2017

IJAB

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Coat protein (CP) of geminivirus is not requisite for replication of viral DNA yet it is multifunctional and have crucial role in virus transmission by insect vector, systemic infection and virion development. Although in geminivirus, systemic infection rely both on function of CP and specific host-geminivirus-vector interaction but in bipartite begomoviruses CP is dispensable for systemic infection and progression of symptoms. Nevertheless its role in spreading systemic infection cannot be neglected in monopartite viruses' viz. mastrevirus, begomoviruses and curtoviruses, therefore any alteration in CP gene upshot in a new epidemiological adaptation hence worth to study. So the study was designed to present a better picture to view regarding coinfection within different Geminiviruses belonging to mastrevirus and begomovirus particularly due to vector inspecificity consequently resulted in revolutionary recombination events, which ultimately yield new viruses, have more drastic affects on crops. Moreover, co-evolution of both genera may open new horizons in understanding the complexity of cotton leaf curl disease and then to chalk out strategies to counter this emerging threat in Pakistan.

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The Hypersensitive Response to Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus Nuclear Shuttle Protein Is Inhibited by Transcriptional Activator Protein

Cited by 61 publications

References 50 publications

The Baculovirus Antiapoptotic p35 Protein Functions as an Inhibitor of the Host RNA Interference Antiviral Response

The Baculovirus Antiapoptotic p35 Protein Functions as an Inhibitor of the Host RNA Interference Antiviral Response

The six Tomato yellow leaf curl virus genes expressed individually in tomato induce different levels of plant stress response attenuation

Transmission Specificity and Coinfection of Mastrevirus with Begomovirus

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