The Hypersensitive Response to Cucumber Mosaic Virus in Chenopodium amaranticolor Requires Virus Movement Outside the Initially Infected Cell

Canto, Tomás; Palukaitis, Peter

doi:10.1006/viro.1999.0028

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It is known that in the TMV-tobacco cultivar Samsun NN system as well as in other virus-host systems, the HR fails to occur in the total absence of virus movement (12,52). Therefore, to determine whether the absence of visible lesions was due to a complete lack of movement of the virus, the cell-tocell movement of TMV-GFP in inoculated leaves was examined by using fluorescence microscopy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel N Gene-Associated, Temperature-Independent Resistance to the Movement of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Vectors Neutralized by a Cucumber Mosaic Virus RNA1 Transgene

Canto¹,

Palukaitis²

2002

J Virol

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The N gene conditions for resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) but only below 28°C. However, a TMV-based vector expressing green fluorescent protein (TMV-GFP) showed only limited movement at 33°C in tobacco plants harboring the N gene and other genes cointrogressed from Nicotiana glutinosa. TMV-GFP moved efficiently in tobacco plants that either lacked these genes or that contained the N gene but were transgenic for RNA1 of Cucumber mosaic virus. These findings identified novel temperature-independent resistance to the movement of TMV-GFP which could be neutralized by a different viral transgene. Using the N gene and nahG gene-transgenic tobacco, we show that this novel resistance is manifested specifically by the N gene itself and operates via a pathway independent of salicylic acid.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel N Gene-Associated, Temperature-Independent Resistance to the Movement of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Vectors Neutralized by a Cucumber Mosaic Virus RNA1 Transgene

Canto¹,

Palukaitis²

2002

J Virol

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“…Avirulence determinants involving RNA2 were identified by induction of the hypersensitive response in cowpea [18], [19] and hypervirulence and systemic movement in tobacco [11], [20], [21], [22]. RNA3 is involved in the limitation of movement between epidermal cells [23], systemic movement in cucurbits, maize, and tobacco [24], [25], and the hypersensitive response in tobacco [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helicase Domain Encoded by Cucumber mosaic virus RNA1 Determines Systemic Infection of Cmr1 in Pepper

et al. 2012

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The Cmr1 gene in peppers confers resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus isolate-P0 (CMV-P0). Cmr1 restricts the systemic spread of CMV strain-Fny (CMV-Fny), whereas this gene cannot block the spread of CMV isolate-P1 (CMV-P1) to the upper leaves, resulting in systemic infection. To identify the virulence determinant of CMV-P1, six reassortant viruses and six chimeric viruses derived from CMV-Fny and CMV-P1 cDNA clones were used. Our results demonstrate that the C-terminus of the helicase domain encoded by CMV-P1 RNA1 determines susceptibility to systemic infection, and that the helicase domain contains six different amino acid substitutions between CMV-Fny and CMV-P1. To identify the key amino acids of the helicase domain determining systemic infection with CMV-P1, we then constructed amino acid substitution mutants. Of the mutants tested, amino acid residues at positions 865, 896, 957, and 980 in the 1a protein sequence of CMV-P1 affected the systemic infection. Virus localization studies with GFP-tagged CMV clones and in situ localization of virus RNA revealed that these four amino acid residues together form the movement determinant for CMV-P1 movement from the epidermal cell layer to mesophyll cell layers. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that CMV-P1 and a chimeric virus with four amino acid residues of CMV-P1 accumulated more genomic RNA in inoculated leaves than did CMV-Fny, indicating that those four amino acids are also involved in virus replication. These results demonstrate that the C-terminal region of the helicase domain is responsible for systemic infection by controlling virus replication and cell-to-cell movement. Whereas four amino acids are responsible for acquiring virulence in CMV-Fny, six amino acid (positions at 865, 896, 901, 957, 980 and 993) substitutions in CMV-P1 were required for complete loss of virulence in ‘Bukang’.

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“…However, understanding of the HR-type of resistance in Chenopodium is surprisingly incomplete. Due to lack of developed genetic tools such as tissue culture and transformation, only few studies were performed to define the genetic mechanisms of HR in Chenopodium [10]–[13]. Genomic information on Chenopodium spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

De Novo Foliar Transcriptome of Chenopodium amaranticolor and Analysis of Its Gene Expression During Virus-Induced Hypersensitive Response

et al. 2012

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BackgroundThe hypersensitive response (HR) system of Chenopodium spp. confers broad-spectrum virus resistance. However, little knowledge exists at the genomic level for Chenopodium, thus impeding the advanced molecular research of this attractive feature. Hence, we took advantage of RNA-seq to survey the foliar transcriptome of C. amaranticolor, a Chenopodium species widely used as laboratory indicator for pathogenic viruses, in order to facilitate the characterization of the HR-type of virus resistance.Methodology and Principal FindingsUsing Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 platform, we obtained 39,868,984 reads with 3,588,208,560 bp, which were assembled into 112,452 unigenes (3,847 clusters and 108,605 singletons). BlastX search against the NCBI NR database identified 61,698 sequences with a cut-off E-value above 10−5. Assembled sequences were annotated with gene descriptions, GO, COG and KEGG terms, respectively. A total number of 738 resistance gene analogs (RGAs) and homology sequences of 6 key signaling proteins within the R proteins-directed signaling pathway were identified. Based on this transcriptome data, we investigated the gene expression profiles over the stage of HR induced by Tobacco mosaic virus and Cucumber mosaic virus by using digital gene expression analysis. Numerous candidate genes specifically or commonly regulated by these two distinct viruses at early and late stages of the HR were identified, and the dynamic changes of the differently expressed genes enriched in the pathway of plant-pathogen interaction were particularly emphasized.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this study is the first description of the genetic makeup of C. amaranticolor, providing deep insight into the comprehensive gene expression information at transcriptional level in this species. The 738 RGAs as well as the differentially regulated genes, particularly the common genes regulated by both TMV and CMV, are suitable candidates which merit further functional characterization to dissect the molecular mechanisms and regulatory pathways of the HR-type of virus resistance in Chenopodium.

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The Hypersensitive Response to Cucumber Mosaic Virus in Chenopodium amaranticolor Requires Virus Movement Outside the Initially Infected Cell

Cited by 30 publications

References 30 publications

Novel N Gene-Associated, Temperature-Independent Resistance to the Movement of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Vectors Neutralized by a Cucumber Mosaic Virus RNA1 Transgene

Novel N Gene-Associated, Temperature-Independent Resistance to the Movement of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Vectors Neutralized by a Cucumber Mosaic Virus RNA1 Transgene

Helicase Domain Encoded by Cucumber mosaic virus RNA1 Determines Systemic Infection of Cmr1 in Pepper

De Novo Foliar Transcriptome of Chenopodium amaranticolor and Analysis of Its Gene Expression During Virus-Induced Hypersensitive Response

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