The hymenopteran parasitoids of light brown apple moth, <i>Epiphyas postvittana</i> (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Australia

Paull, Cate; Austin, Andrew D.

doi:10.1111/j.1440-6055.2006.00524.x

Cited by 40 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…High toxicity loads, quantified by the cumulative pesticide metric in vineyards, adversely affected specific canopy arthropod taxa. Negative effects were detected for two taxa of parasitoids that include species important in controlling light-brown apple moth (Paull and Austin 2006). They also included predatory beetle taxa known to feed on mealybugs and likely to prey on aphids as well as the immature stages of moth pests including eggs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying signature of chemical applications on indigenous and invasive nontarget arthropod communities in vineyards

Nash¹,

Hoffmann²,

Thomson³

2010

Ecological Applications

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Communities of arthropods providing ecosystem services (e.g., pest control, pollination, and soil nutrient cycling) to agricultural production systems are influenced by pesticide inputs, yet the impact of pesticide applications on nontarget organisms is normally evaluated through standardized sets of laboratory tests involving individual pesticides applied to a few representative species. By combining season-long pesticide applications of various insecticides and fungicides into a metric based on the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC) toxicity ratings, we evaluate season-long pesticide impacts on communities of indigenous and exotic arthropods across 61 vineyards assessed for an entire growing season. The composition of arthropod communities, identified mostly at the family level, but in some cases at the species level, was altered depending on season-long pesticide use. Numbers of mostly indigenous parasitoids, predatory mites, and coccinellids in the canopy, as well as carabid/tenebrionid beetles and some spider families on the ground, were decreased at higher cumulative pesticide metric scores. In contrast, numbers of one invasive millipede species (Ommatoiulus moreletti Lucas, Julida: Julidae) increased under higher cumulative pesticide metric scores. These changing community patterns were detected despite the absence of broad-spectrum insecticide applications in the vineyards. Pesticide effects were mostly due to indoxacarb and sulphur, applied as a fungicide. The reduction of beneficial arthropods and increase in an invasive herbivorous millipede under high cumulative pesticide metric scores highlights the need to manage nontarget season-long pesticide impacts in vineyards. A cumulative pesticide metric, based on IOBC toxicity ratings, provides a way of assessing overall toxicity effects, giving managers a means to estimate and consider potential negative season-long pesticide impacts on ecosystem services provided through arthropod communities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying signature of chemical applications on indigenous and invasive nontarget arthropod communities in vineyards

Nash¹,

Hoffmann²,

Thomson³

2010

Ecological Applications

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“…Sticky traps were in place for 6–8 days at the start of each month between October 2011 and February 2012 (five collections). Arthropods trapped on yellow sticky traps were assessed under a dissecting microscope when attached to the sticky traps at magnifications of × 20 to × 100 using several taxonomic resources (CSIRO, ; Glenn et al , ; Paull & Austin, ; Stevens et al , ) with hymenopterans sorted to family level. To assess the size of the Hymenoptera families, the mean length of 10 randomly selected individuals from each family was measured; families less than 2 mm were classed as small, 2–3 mm as intermediate and >3 mm as large.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground cover and floral resources in shelterbelts increase the abundance of beneficial hymenopteran families

2014

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1 Hymenopteran parasitoids are important natural enemies of pest species in many agricultural crops, including grapes, and there is increasing interest in using habitat manipulation to enhance populations. 2 In the present study, we investigated which vegetation variables of shelterbelts are associated with increased hymenopteran family abundance by screening 60 shelterbelts adjacent to vineyards or pasture near Melbourne, Australia. 3 Associations between vegetation characteristics and parasitoid abundance, sampled five times at monthly intervals using canopy sticky traps, were investigated. 4 The presence of vineyard or pasture adjacent to the shelterbelt had no impact on hymenopteran family abundance within the shelterbelt. The availability of floral resources influenced a single family; the abundance of the Trichogrammatidae was doubled by the presence of canopy floral resources. By contrast, an increased abundance of some large Hymenoptera families was associated with a decreasing leaf litter depth and the proportion of introduced ground cover, an increased grass height and the amount of ground with vegetated cover. 5 These findings suggest that specific manipulations of shelterbelts could increase populations of beneficials to some degree, with potential effects on pests.

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“…The role of parasitoids other than Trichogrammatidae is largely unknown. However, many other parasitoids have a role in control of mealybugs, scale and light brown apple moth ( Thomson & Hoffmann, 2006a ) and a recent study by Paull and Austin (2006) revealed 25 larval and pupal parasitoids of light brown apple moth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of soil tillage on beneficial invertebrates within the vineyard

Sharley

Hoffmann

Thomson

2008

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 Tillage, commonly used in agroecosystems, can influence the abundance of invertebrates through factors such as habitat change and food availability. 2 The effects of tillage on the composition and abundance of invertebrates were examined in a vineyard near Mildura in Victoria, Australia, focusing particularly on groups that might act as natural enemies in vineyards. We used pitfall traps at ground level and sticky traps in the canopy. 3 The collections were first sorted to order. Beetles (Coleoptera) were sorted to family and ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) to genus. 4 Ants were the only group to be affected by tillage when all months were considered. The same genera occurred in both treatments but the abundance of several genera was reduced by tillage. Families of several beetles, including predators, increased in tilled areas. Spider, millipede, centipede and earwig numbers were decreased by tillage. In the canopy, Trichogrammatidae and other parasitoids decreased in abundance after tillage. 5 These results indicate that tillage influences the composition of invertebrates and has the potential to negatively affect the abundance of beneficial groups.

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The hymenopteran parasitoids of light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Australia

Cited by 40 publications

References 40 publications

Identifying signature of chemical applications on indigenous and invasive nontarget arthropod communities in vineyards

Identifying signature of chemical applications on indigenous and invasive nontarget arthropod communities in vineyards

Ground cover and floral resources in shelterbelts increase the abundance of beneficial hymenopteran families

The effects of soil tillage on beneficial invertebrates within the vineyard

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