The hydrothermal synthesis of new oxide materials

Whittingham, M. Stanley; Guo, Jing‐Dong; Chen, Rongji; Chirayil, Thomas; Janauer, Gerald G.; Zavalij, Peter Y.

doi:10.1016/0167-2738(94)00220-m

Cited by 142 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…11,12 For this reason, it is one of the best investigated intercalation compounds at all. 13,14 Although Li diffusion in Li x TiS 2 was studied in previous years by others using 7 Li NMR relaxation experiments, [15][16][17][18][19] a comprehensive study about the cation dynamics, especially in the regime of ultraslow Li motions which are not accessible by standard measurements, is still missing. Unfortunately, the standard tracer technique is not applicable to study Li dynamics due to the lack of a suitable radioactive Li isotope.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Li jump process inh−Li0.7TiS2studied by two-time
Wilkening
¹
,
Heitjans
²

2008
Phys. Rev. B
98
8
158
1
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7 Li spin-alignment NMR is used to trace ultraslow diffusion of Li + in the layered Li conductor Li x TiS 2 ͑x = 0.7͒. Two-time correlation functions were recorded for fixed evolution times as a function of mixing time at temperatures within the 7 Li rigid-lattice regime. The corresponding decay rates were identified as Li jump rates −1 ranging from 10 −1 to 10 3 s −1 between temperatures T = 148 K and 213 K. The jump rates obtained directly from spin-alignment echo NMR and those from diffusion induced maxima of spin-lattice relaxation peaks, monitored in the laboratory as well as in the rotating frame, are consistent with each other and follow an Arrhenius law with an activation energy of 0.41͑1͒ eV and a preexponential factor of 6.3͑1͒ ϫ 10 12 s −1 . Altogether, a solitary Li diffusion process was found between 148 and 510 K. Li diffusion was investigated in a dynamic range of about 10 orders of magnitude, i.e., 0.1ഛ −1 ഛ 7.8ϫ 10 8 s −1 . Additionally, the analysis of final-state echo amplitudes of the two-time correlation functions revealed information about the Li diffusion pathway in Li 0.7 TiS 2 . Obviously, a two-site jump process is present, i.e., besides the regularly occupied octahedral sites also the vacant tetrahedral ones within the van der Waals gap are involved in the overall two-dimensional diffusion process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Li jump process inh−Li0.7TiS2studied by two-time
Wilkening
¹
,
Heitjans
²

2008
Phys. Rev. B
98
8
158
1
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“…[121] The cations include alkylammonium ions, which are readily intercalated between the layers under hydrothermal conditions. [122] This system is thus analogous to graphite and layered dichalcogenides. Nesper and coworkers [123,124] synthesized nanotubules of alkylammonium intercalated VO x by hydrothermal means.…”

Section: Nanotubes Of Vanadium and Niobium Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Synthesis of Inorganic Nanotubes

2009

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Nanotubes constitute an exciting class of one‐dimensional nanomaterials of which carbon nanotubes are recognized widely as materials of importance. The possibility of having inorganic nanotubes was recognized early in the 1990s, accompanied by the report of nanotubes of MoS2 and WS2. Since then, nanotubes of several inorganic materials have been prepared and characterized. While nanotubes of metal chalcogenides and oxides form a high proportion of the inorganic nanotubes investigated hither to, nanotubes of many other materials have also been prepared and characterized. Several synthetic strategies including both physical and chemical methods have been employed, of which the use of templates, precursors, and hydro‐ or solvothermal methods are prominent. In this article, we shall present a brief account of the present status of the synthesis of nanotubes of elemental materials as well as binary and complex metal oxides, chalcogenides, pnictides and carbides.

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“…The spinel type LiMn204 system has just begun to be practically used. In these ten years, although the cyclability is not sufficient, the manganese dioxides themselves have been also focused as a candidate of cathode materials for a lithium secondary battery because of their low cost, safety and familiarity [1,2]. Moreover, they have potentially the larger capacity than conventional materials such as LiMn204 and LiCoO2 that can use only half of the theoretical capacity to keep the performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cathodic characteristics of amorphous manganese oxides as lithium secondary battery

Yagi

Ichikawa

Hirano

et al. 2002

Ionics

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Abstract. The amorphous manganese dioxides were prepared by reduction method using various reagents. The particle size and morphology depended on reducing agents, some of which were aggregated round particles of sub micron order, and the others were small fine fibers like of a few nm in width and several tens nm in length. The former showed low Li-insertion capacity of around 200 mAhg ~, while the latter material showed high capacity of 500 mAhg -~ in the OCV measurements until 1 V vs. Li. The as-prepared MnO2 contains some amount of water in the structure. The H20-free MnO2 obtained by heat-treatment under high oxygen pressure was inferior in electrode property to MnOz containing water in the structure. The H20 content related to the electrode performance.

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The hydrothermal synthesis of new oxide materials

Cited by 142 publications

References 24 publications

Li jump process inh−Li0.7TiS2studied by two-time
Wilkening
¹
,
Heitjans
²

2008
Phys. Rev. B
98
8
158
1
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Li jump process inh−Li0.7TiS2studied by two-time
Wilkening
¹
,
Heitjans
²

2008
Phys. Rev. B
98
8
158
1
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Synthesis of Inorganic Nanotubes

Cathodic characteristics of amorphous manganese oxides as lithium secondary battery

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The hydrothermal synthesis of new oxide materials

Cited by 142 publications

References 24 publications

Li jump process inh−Li0.7TiS2studied by two-timeWilkening1, Heitjans2 2008Phys. Rev. B9881581View full textAdd to dashboardCite

Li jump process inh−Li0.7TiS2studied by two-timeWilkening1, Heitjans2 2008Phys. Rev. B9881581View full textAdd to dashboardCite

Synthesis of Inorganic Nanotubes

Cathodic characteristics of amorphous manganese oxides as lithium secondary battery

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Li jump process inh−Li0.7TiS2studied by two-time
Wilkening
¹
,
Heitjans
²

2008
Phys. Rev. B
98
8
158
1
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Li jump process inh−Li0.7TiS2studied by two-time
Wilkening
¹
,
Heitjans
²

2008
Phys. Rev. B
98
8
158
1
View full text Add to dashboard Cite