The hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of carboxylate and carbonate modified nonionic surfactants

Lima, Michelle Tupinamba; Spiering, Vivian J.; Kurt-Zerdeli, Sevgi N.; Brüggemann, Daniel; Gradzielski, Michael; Schomäcker, Reinhard

doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.03.001

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The synthesis andb asic properties have been described before, [13] including their hydrophilic-lipophilic balance and behavior in the formation of emulsions, whichs howeda similar property spectrum as their conventional analogues. [18] The obtained values are lower compared with other nonionic C 12 surfactants at 25 8C, such as ndodecyl-b-d-glucoside with 0.19 mmol L À1 [19] or C 12 EO 5 -OH with 0.064 mmol L À1 , [20] therebyi ndicating ah igher extent of hydrophobicity.T he cmc, the headg roup areas (a 0 ), and the Gibbs free energy of micellization (DG mic )o ft he differents urfactants are summarized in Table 1. The surface tension of the CO 2 surfactants at 25 8Ca tt he cmc was found to be between 34.4 and up to 35.9 mN m À1 .T his is in the expected range for C 12 EO j nonionics urfactants, [21][22][23] but it is interesting to note that surface tension becomes lower with increasing CO 2 content,t hat is, the surfactants become more effective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Here it should be noted that the distribution of the CO 2 in the head group is statistical (see Figure S1 in the Supporting Information). The synthesis and basic properties have been described before, including their hydrophilic–lipophilic balance and behavior in the formation of emulsions, which showed a similar property spectrum as their conventional analogues …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Phase Behavior from the Substitution of Ethylene Oxide with Carbon Dioxide in the Head Group of Nonionic Surfactants

et al. 2019

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Nonionic ethylene oxide (EO)‐based surfactants are widely employed in commercial applications and normally form gel‐like liquid crystalline phases at higher concentrations, rendering their handling under such conditions difficult. By incorporating CO2 units in their hydrophilic head groups, the consumption of the petrochemical EO was reduced, and the tendency to form liquid crystals was suppressed completely. This surprising behavior was characterized by rheology and studied with respect to its structural origin by means of small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS). These experiments showed a strongly reduced repulsive interaction between the micellar aggregates, attributed to a reduced hydration and enhanced interpenetration of the head groups owing to the presence of the CO2 units. In addition, with increasing CO2 content the surfactants became more efficient and effective with respect to their surface activity. These findings are important because the renewable resource CO2 is used, and the CO2‐containing surfactants allow handling at very high concentrations, an aspect of enormous practical importance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Phase Behavior from the Substitution of Ethylene Oxide with Carbon Dioxide in the Head Group of Nonionic Surfactants

et al. 2019

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“…The block lengths of the diblock copolymers were chosen to have hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) values between 10 and 17, in order to adopt micellar aggregates in water to act as surfactant . In case of high molecular weight diblock copolymers, first it has to be dissolved in water miscible organic solvent and introduced into water to form micellar aggregates and followed by dialysis to remove the organic solvent .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anchored block‐copolymer surfactants for the synthesis of redispersible polystyrene latexes

Keerthika

Jayalakshmi

Ramkumar

2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Redispersible polystyrene (PS) latexes of particle sizes in the range of 200-220 nm was prepared using low-molecular-weight amphiphilic block copolymer surfactants. Latex powders were obtained by sun drying of the prepared PS latexes and were reintroduced into the solution by simple mechanical agitation/stirring without any additives. DLS and SEM analysis were carried out for pristine/sundried latexes to compare the size and shape of the particles. A series of block copolymers with 2-methyl-2-oxazoline and 2-butyl-2-oxazoline or 2-phenyl-2-oxazoline with repeat units 30/20, 60/20, 15/30, and 15/45 were synthesized through cationic ring opening polymerization (CROP) and were used as nonionic surfactants (NIS) in the preparation of poly(styrene) latexes by emulsion polymerization. In this work, we investigated the role of anchoring ability of butyl/phenyl groups of the block copolymer in providing stability and redispersibility of the latex by comparing with simply cetyl and stearyl surfactants that are devoid of such functionality. The ready redispersibility and retainment of size and shape as that of original latexes confirmed the role of anchoring groups. PS latexes prepared by block-copolymer surfactants that are devoid of anchoring units showed lesser stability and no redispersibility compared to anchored surfactants.

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“…The CO2 weight fraction was calculated from the mass fraction of DEC and the ratio of the molecular weight of CO2 (44g/mol) and DEC (118.3 g/mol). The HLB values were described and discussed in detail by Tupinamba Lima et al 1 From an application point of view the CO2 modified surfactant can be considered as almost as stable against hydrolysis in water as the unmodified ones.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Characterization of Nonionic Surfactant Micelles with CO2/Ethylene Oxide Head Groups and Their Temperature Dependence

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The hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of carboxylate and carbonate modified nonionic surfactants

Cited by 21 publications

References 26 publications

Changes in Phase Behavior from the Substitution of Ethylene Oxide with Carbon Dioxide in the Head Group of Nonionic Surfactants

Changes in Phase Behavior from the Substitution of Ethylene Oxide with Carbon Dioxide in the Head Group of Nonionic Surfactants

Anchored block‐copolymer surfactants for the synthesis of redispersible polystyrene latexes

Structural Characterization of Nonionic Surfactant Micelles with CO2/Ethylene Oxide Head Groups and Their Temperature Dependence

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