The hydrology of ore formation in the Southeast Missouri District; numerical models of topography-driven fluid flow during the Ouachita Orogeny

Appold, Martin S.; Garven, Grant

doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.94.6.913

Cited by 97 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…. Transient numerical simulations of mass and heat transport driven by topographic gradients in southeastern Missouri [Appold and Garven, 1999] have shown that the period of mineralization is likely to have been relatively short, probably on the order of hundred of thousands of years, relative to the lifetime of the topography-driven flow system that may have persisted for millions of years, ceasing only when the relief was levelled out. Indeed the oreforming temperatures matching the apparent temperatures of mineralization were only maintained during a relatively s h o r t p o r t i o n of t h e l i f e t i m e of t h e f l o w s y s t e m .…”

Section: Quantity Of Discharged Fluid and Duration Of The Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid palaeo-circulation generated by the Pyrenean orogeny and its potential role in the formation of lead-zinc deposits in the Cévennes region: a modelling approach

Jost

Violette

Macquar

et al. 2004

Bulletin De La Société Géologique De France

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent studies of the host rock palaeomagnetism of the lead-zinc deposits on the Cévennes margins pointed towards regional fluid circulation from the early to middle Eocene. The hypothesis has therefore been put forward that mineralising fluids might have migrated as a consequence of the Pyrenean uplift. Based on this assumption, a digital model was developed to describe this palaeo-circulation along two reconstituted cross-sections, in early Eocene times. One of them extends from the Gulf of Lion to the Les Malines deposits at the southern end of the Cévennes mountains; the other one connects the Montagne Noire to Les Malines in order to test the hypothesis of a more localised fluid circulation. The modelling of heat and fluid circulation along these cross-sections is constrained mainly by fluid-temperature data, derived from analyses of fluid inclusions. The maximum recorded temperatures are about 150°C. The METIS code (Ecole des Mines, Paris) was used to test the transport scenarios while prescribing hydrodynamic characteristics in the series that would allow fluid flow. Gravity-driven flow is initiated at a high point, either the Montagne Noire or the Pyrenees. Drainage occurs at depth. The permeable formations concerned are: Cambrian dolomite in the cross-section beginning in the Montagne Noire, and Triassic and Liassic carbonate or sandstone formations in the other one. The fluids converge at the deposit site through faults on the margins of the Cévennes horst. The highest temperatures reproduced by the digital simulations in a steady-state regime are in the order of 80°C at the deposit site for each pathway. A sensitivity test showed that higher temperatures, in the order of 150°C, could only be reached with a heat flux of 120 mW.m -2 and by optimising such parameters as permeability, aquifer geometry and thermal conductivity. However, such a parameter set does not seem geologically feasible. The modelling demonstrates that circulation must have occurred at greater depths in the case of gravity-driven fluid flow. The most probable explanation is that the fluid migrated in the deep crustal basement and that, during its ascent along the faults bordering the Cévennes heights, it mixed with basinal brines migrating through shallower aquifers.Rôle potentiel des paléo-circulations de fluides engendrées par l'orogenèse pyrénéenne dans la genèse des minéralisations plomb-zinc péri-cévenoles : essai de modélisation Mots clés. -Paléohydrogéologie, Modélisation numérique, Circulation gravitaire, MVT, Bordure cévenole, Orogenèse pyrénéenne.Résumé. -Les études récentes sur le paléomagnétisme des roches qui renferment les gisements plombo-zincifères de la périphérie des Cévennes ayant mis en évidence des circulations de fluides régionales d'âge éocène inférieur à moyen, l'hypothèse d'une migration des fluides minéralisateurs liée à la surrection des Pyrénées est envisagée. Partant de cette hypothèse, une modélisation numérique de telles paléo-circulations a été mise en oeuvre selon deux transects reconstitués à l'Eocène...

show abstract

Section: Quantity Of Discharged Fluid and Duration Of The Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid palaeo-circulation generated by the Pyrenean orogeny and its potential role in the formation of lead-zinc deposits in the Cévennes region: a modelling approach

Jost

Violette

Macquar

et al. 2004

Bulletin De La Société Géologique De France

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The Mississippi Valley type ores (MVT) are prime examples of such deposits. Numerous studies have established that long-range migration of brines involved in the formation of MVT deposits was driven by recharge from topographically high areas towards the margins of basins, fault zones, and anticlines, where they rose and encountered conditions that allowed oremineral precipitation (e.g., Ohle, 1980;Bethke, 1986;Sverjensky, 1986;Garven et al, 1993;Garven, 1995;Appold and Garven, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing end-member fluid sources in sub-surface iron mineralization and dolomitization along a proximal fault to the dead sea transform

Erel

Listovsky

Matthews

et al. 2006

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Of these, the widely accepted gravity-driven fluid model as a reliable driving force for fluid flow in this district may be possible (Bouabdellah et al 2012), but seems unsupported by paleogeographic and paleoclimatic constraints. Indeed, this model assumes -even though not always clearly expressed-the existence of (1) a recharge zone that is permanently fueled by high rates of rainfall, and of (2) rapidly uplifted mountains as an efficient hydraulic head to create the high fluid flow velocities required to generate a fluid flow system efficient enough to form an economic deposit (Ge and Garven 1992;Appold and Garven 1999). However, paleogeographic and paleoclimatic reconstructions indicate that at the time of Pb-Zn mineralization in the Touissit-Bou Beker district (i.e., Late Neogene), Morocco and similarly the entire southwestern Mediterranean area, were under the influence of arid conditions (Fauquette et al 2006).…”

Section: Ore Genesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Geology, Geochemistry, and Current Genetic Models for Major Mississippi Valley-Type Pb–Zn Deposits of Morocco

Bouabdellah¹,

Sangster²

2016

Mineral Resource Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Morocco has been for the past two centuries one of the top ten Pb-Zn producers with two thirds of base-metal production derived from three major Mississippi Valley-type districts (Touissit-Bou Beker, Upper Moulouya, and Jbel Bou Dahar). Collectively, these districts have produced more than 100 Mt of ore at an average grade of *3 wt% Zn and 4 wt% Pb. At the present time, none of the three districts is active. favorable fluid channels for metal-bearing brines into permeable host rocks and dissolution structures. The geometry of the orebodies that parallel the major alpine faults, coupled with lead isotopic constraints, suggest that the MVT mineralizing event occurred during midle Tertiary time (i.e., Cretaceous to Miocene) coincident with closing stages of the Alpine orogeny in the Atlasic orogenic belt. Alpine mineralization is thought to have been promoted by the mixing of older, high-temperature, rock-buffered, dense brines stored within the Paleozoic basement, and a downwelling, cooler fluid probably of meteoric origin. The resulting mixed brines were centered mainly on the basement high structure and its flanks, then flowed laterally away from the basement high and giving rise to the lower grade mineralization of the distal prospects. Fluid migration towards the ore districts could have been achieved either by a gravity-driven system (Touissit-Bou Beker, Mibladen, and Jbel Bou Dahar) or sediment compaction in the foredeep (Jbel Bou Dahar), or a combination of both. An alternative buoyancy-driven fluid convection model is proposed for the Touissit-Bou Beker MVT mineralization.

show abstract

The hydrology of ore formation in the Southeast Missouri District; numerical models of topography-driven fluid flow during the Ouachita Orogeny

Cited by 97 publications

References 0 publications

Fluid palaeo-circulation generated by the Pyrenean orogeny and its potential role in the formation of lead-zinc deposits in the Cévennes region: a modelling approach

Fluid palaeo-circulation generated by the Pyrenean orogeny and its potential role in the formation of lead-zinc deposits in the Cévennes region: a modelling approach

Tracing end-member fluid sources in sub-surface iron mineralization and dolomitization along a proximal fault to the dead sea transform

Geology, Geochemistry, and Current Genetic Models for Major Mississippi Valley-Type Pb–Zn Deposits of Morocco

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About