The hydrogeochemical evaluation of groundwater resources and their suitability for agricultural and industrial uses in an arid area of Iran

Amiri, Vahab; Bhattacharya, Prosun; Nakhaei, Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.gsd.2020.100527

Cited by 60 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…53 The magnesium absorption ratio (MAR) values range from 2.35% to 14.89% and are well below the limit value of 50%. 28,54 The Kelly ratio (RK) considers water to be suitable if RK<1 and unsuitable if RK> 1. 28,33,55 The RK of Houet river ranges from 0.46 to 1.54.…”

Section: Suitability Of River Water For Irrigationn Sar %Na Ip Ram An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suitability of urban river water for irrigation: the case of the Houet river in Burkina Faso

Zacharie¹,

Gaëtan²,

Michelle³

et al. 2022

IJH

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This study focused on the suitability of using an urban river for the irrigation of vegetable crops. The relevant urban river is Houet river located in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso) receives wastewater released by a wastewater treatment and purification unit (WWTP). To do this, a diagnosis of the functioning of WWTP and an assessment of the quality of the effluents released in the river were indeed carried out. The WWTP treats wastewater from industries, households and the percolating water from the treatment of the city's sewage sludge. Water released by the WWTP has a poor physico-chemical quality and high microbiological pollution. The urban river water suitability for irrigation was carried out by taking 8 water samples from the river sections at upstream and downstream parts of the WWTP junction. The physico-chemical (pH, EC, STD, Ca2+ , Mg2+ , K+ , Na+ , Cl-, HCO3- , PO43- , NO2- , NO3- , NH4+ ), microbiological (total coliform, fecal coliform, Escherichia coli and fecal Streptococci), trace metallic elements (Ni, Cr, Zn, Cu, Al, Fe and Mn) and indices such as sodium adsorption rate (SAR), percentage of soluble sodium (%Na), permeability index (PI), magnesium adsorption ratio (RAM) and Kelly ratio (RK) were analyzed and the results compared with WHO, FAO and USSL guidelines for irrigation water. The results show that the physico-chemical parameters are in line with the WHO and FAO standards for irrigation. However, the river water is reported to have medium salinity with a slight to moderate degree of restriction for EC and STD. The concentrations of ammonium (NH4+), manganese (Mn) and nickel (Ni) in the river’s water have values above standard reference for irrigation water. This suggests (i) overuse of nitrogenous fertilizers, (ii) industrial and anthropogenic discharges directly into the river, (iii) and an incomplete treatment process of water released by the WWTP. The presence of Total Coliforms, Fecal Coliforms, Escherichia coli and Fecal Streptococci at levels of around 104 to 109 CFU/100ml, above the FAO standard (2000 CFU/100ml), indicate that the river water is probably contaminated by viruses, parasites and other pathogenic bacteria of fecal origin. Houet river water is in excellent range for irrigation according to Wilcox diagram and in the C2 S1 range of medium to good quality according to the Riverside diagram. The SAR, %Na, PI, RAM and RK indices showed that the infiltration problem issue of the river water on irrigated soils is low before its junction with the WWTP and moderate after its junction. Overall, this river water is suitable for irrigation, but the presence of bacteria, ammonium and trace metallic elements require for the regional water and agricultural authorities to (i) pay particular attention to human activities in the vicinity of the river, (ii) improve the efficiency of the wastewater treatment process at the WWTP and (iii) more strictly control fertilizers’ uses by market gardeners. This will make it possible to preserve the quality of the river’ water for the irrigation of 175 hectares of market gardens products (lettuce, parsley, pepper, mint…) using a commercial urban outland to feed an urban population estimated of one million people.

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Section: Suitability Of River Water For Irrigationn Sar %Na Ip Ram An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wastewater released by WWTP rich in physico-chemical parameters could explained, the high concentrations of Sodium compared to calcium and magnesium. 54,56 The Wilcox and riverside diagram…”

Section: Suitability Of River Water For Irrigationn Sar %Na Ip Ram An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Suitability of urban river water for irrigation: the case of the Houet river in Burkina Faso

Zacharie¹,

Gaëtan²,

Michelle³

et al. 2022

IJH

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“…Several multiple numerical models have been developed by several researchers for environmental quality monitoring, appraisal, and prediction for irrigation, drinking, and industrial purposes (Edet and Offiong, 2002;Amiri et al, 2021;Igwe and Omeka, 2021;Omeka et al, 2022a;Shukla et al, 2022;Egbueri et al, 2023). These models are based on water quality assessment for heavy metal concentration and overall chemical constituents of chemical elements in the water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irrigation suitability and health risk assessment of groundwater resources in the Firozabad industrial area of north-central India: An integrated indexical, statistical, and geospatial approach

Saraswat

Nath

Omeka

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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The recent global upsurge in anthropogenic activities has resulted in a decline in the quality of water. This by extension has resulted in increased ubiquity of water pollution in terms of sources. The application of traditional water quality assessment methods usually involves the use of conventional water quality parameters and guideline values. This may be associated with bias and errors during the computation of various sub-indices. Hence, to overcome this limitation, it is critical to have a visual appraisal of the water quality in terms of source and human health risks exposure for sustainable water resource management and informed decision-making. Therefore, the present study has integrated multiple water quality assessment indices, spatio-temporal, and statistical models to assess the suitability of fifty groundwater samples (n = 50) within the Firozabad industrial area for irrigation and drinking; as well as the likely health risks from oral intake and dermal contact by inhabitants. Electrical conductivity (mean = 1,576.6 μs/cm), total hardness (mean = 230.9 mg/L), dissolved sodium (mean = 305.1 mg/L) chloride (mean = 306.1 mg/L) and fluoride (mean = 1.52 mg/L) occurred in the water at concentrations above the recommended standards; attributed influxes from agricultural and industrial wastewater. The pollution index of groundwater and water quality index revealed that 100% of the groundwater samples are extremely polluted; this was also supported by the joint multivariate statistical analyses. The majority of the irrigational water quality indices (sodium adsorption ratio, Kelly’s Ratio, permeability index, percent sodium) revealed that the long-term use of the groundwater for irrigation in the area will result in reduced crop yield unless remedial measures are put in place. Higher Hazard index (HI > 1) for nitrate and fluoride ingestion was recorded in water for the children population compared to adult; an indication that the children population is more predisposed to health risks from the oral intake of water. Generally, risk levels from ingestion appear to increase in the western and north-eastern parts of the study area. From the findings of this study, it is highly recommended that adequate agricultural practices, land use, and water treatment regulatory strategies be put in place for water quality sustainability for enhanced agricultural production and human health protection.

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“…Approximately 50% of the drinking water supply worldwide are obtained from groundwater (Smith et al 2016). Groundwater is also used for agricultural (El-Din et al 2021;Zhao et al 2021) and industrial purposes (Amiri et al 2021;Rao et al 2021). However, groundwater is contaminated with ammonium-nitrogen (NH 4 þ -N) in many countries (Patterson et al 2002;Lindenbaum 2012;Huang et al 2015;Choudhary et al 2016;Shakya et al 2019) at levels higher than the limit set by the World Health Organization for drinking water (WHO 2011).…”

Section: Graphical Abstract Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen removal from ammonium-contaminated groundwater using dropping nitrification–cotton-based denitrification reactor

et al. 2021

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A novel dropping nitrification–cotton-based denitrification reactor was developed for total nitrogen (N) removal from ammonium (NH4+)-contaminated groundwater. The nitrogen removal ability of the reactor was evaluated for 91 days. A 1 m long dropping nitrification unit was fed with synthetic groundwater containing 30 mg-NH4+-N/L at a flow rate of 2.16 L/d. The outlet of the dropping nitrification unit was connected to the cotton-based denitrification unit. The NH4+ present in the groundwater was completely oxidized (>90% nitrification efficiency) by nitrifying bacteria to nitrite (NO2–) and nitrate (NO3–) in the dropping nitrification unit. Subsequently, the generated NO2– and NO3– were denitrified (96%–98% denitrification efficiency) by denitrifying bacteria in the cotton-based denitrification unit under anoxic conditions. Organic carbons released from the cotton presumably acted as electron donors for heterotrophic denitrification. Nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria were colonized in higher abundance in the dropping nitrification and cotton-based denitrification units, respectively. The total N removal rate and efficiency of the dropping nitrification–cotton-based denitrification reactor for 91 days were 58.1–66.9 mg-N/d and 96%–98%, respectively. Therefore, the dropping nitrification–cotton-based denitrification reactor will be an efficient, sustainable, and promising option for total N removal from NH4+-contaminated groundwater.

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The hydrogeochemical evaluation of groundwater resources and their suitability for agricultural and industrial uses in an arid area of Iran

Cited by 60 publications

References 43 publications

Suitability of urban river water for irrigation: the case of the Houet river in Burkina Faso

Suitability of urban river water for irrigation: the case of the Houet river in Burkina Faso

Irrigation suitability and health risk assessment of groundwater resources in the Firozabad industrial area of north-central India: An integrated indexical, statistical, and geospatial approach

Nitrogen removal from ammonium-contaminated groundwater using dropping nitrification–cotton-based denitrification reactor

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