The hydration of carbon dioxide

Kern, David M.

doi:10.1021/ed037p14

Cited by 418 publications

(219 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…0340-5087/82/0900-1184/S 01.00/0 niques, the reaction of carbon dioxide with the hydroxide ion [1] and the dissociation of barbituric acid [2,3]. The pulse radiolysis technique allows to determine these values by another independent way.…”

Section: H20 -*-Ohe~ H\h202 H2 H+ Oh-(1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Rate Constants of the Reactions CO₂+ OH^– → HCO₃— and Barbituric Acid → Barbiturate Anion +H⁺ Using the Pulse Radiolysis Technique

Schuchmann

Sonntag

1982

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung B

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Abstract The kinetics of the reactions of CO2 + OH → HCO3-(i) and barbituric acid →barbiturate anion + H + (ii) have been remeasured using as a new approach the pulse radiolysis technique with optical and conductivity detection. The rate constants obtained in the present study, ki (21 °C) = 6900 ± 700 M-1s-1 and kii (19 °C) = 22 ± 2 s-1 agree within experimental errors with values obtained earlier by other methods.

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Section: H20 -*-Ohe~ H\h202 H2 H+ Oh-(1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Rate Constants of the Reactions CO₂+ OH^– → HCO₃— and Barbituric Acid → Barbiturate Anion +H⁺ Using the Pulse Radiolysis Technique

Schuchmann

Sonntag

1982

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung B

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“…In contrast, although data on pH responses by marine algae are limited, a large number of marine species appear to be unable to tolerate pH values much above 9.5 (Humphrey, 1975;Goldman, 1976), and typically grow optimally in a narrow pH range bracketing the pH of seawater which is -8.1 to 8.3 (Kain, 1958 a,b;1960;Hayward, 1968;Humphrey, 1975). Yet, a few marine species, particularly f..:.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, a few marine species, particularly f..:. tricornutum, seem to behave more like freshwater algae and are capable of growing at pH levels up to and above 10 (Hayward, 1968;Humphrey, 1975;Goldman, 1976), even though their pH optima are closer to 8 (Kain, 1958 a,b;1960;Hayward, 1968).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioengineering Aspects of Inorganic Carbon Supply to Mass Algal Cultures: Final Report

Goldman¹

1981

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“…The solubility of carbon dioxide is known to be about 1.45 g/ L at 25°C (∼30 mM), 36,39 and the equilibrium constant for formation of carbonic acid and the pK a values of H 2 CO 3 and HCO 3 − are also known as those listed in eqs 1−3. Therefore, by assuming that dissolved aerial carbon dioxide is saturated in background electrolyte, we are able to calculate the concentrations of HCO 3 − and CO 3 2− using eqs 1−3 and listed equilibrium constants.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Isotachophoresis Focusing of DNA and DNA-Protein Complexes Is Essentially Enhanced by Spontaneously Dissolved Aerial Carbon Dioxide in Electrolytes

2014

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The formation of a highly adapted high-E zone is critical to isotachophoresis separation and focusing. Recently, we discovered that the high-E zone is present only in a small portion of electrophoresis channel in the presence of EOF (Liu, S. Q. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 4644− 4647). Accordingly, a much narrower high-E zone is presumably present in t-ITP. If so, it is hard to achieve efficient t-ITP focusing. Indeed, by online coupling t-ITP with CE-LIF immunoassay, the immunocomplexes of carcinogenic BPDE-dG adducts are not efficiently focused using a freshly prepared background electrolyte. Intriguingly, we observed that 20-day stored background electrolyte displays a 10-fold better focusing efficiency. We hypothesize that the unexpected phenomenon is associated with the dissolution of aerial carbon dioxide, which is mainly converted to ionic HCO 3 − in the weak alkaline background electrolyte. Consequently, HCO 3 − of high electrophoretic mobility will be continuously injected into the capillary along with the background electrolyte and act as an alternative leading ion to improve the focusing. By addition of dry ice (without causing significant pH decrease, ΔpH < 0.4) to freshly prepared background electrolytes, we immediately observed the enhanced focusing of immunocomplexes of the DNA adducts. NH 4 HCO 3 and Na 2 CO 3 , included in the background electrolyte, also improve the focusing efficiency and reproducibility. All these consistently support our hypothesis. To understand the underlying mechanism, an advanced CE-SMFI was exploited to monitor in real time the motion of single DNA molecules and the E change throughout t-ITP. We uncovered that t-ITP can induce a local high-E zone, but the presence of HCO 3 − in the background electrolyte could greatly increase the E value in the high-E zone, which allows more DNA molecules to rapidly move backward and to be efficiently stacked at LE/TE boundary. This study provides new insight into nonuniform electric field-induced electrophoresis focusing.I sotachophoresis (ITP) has been widely applied for separation and preconcentration of DNA, 1,2 proteins, 3−5 as well as charged small molecules. 6,7 To simplify the applications, a variant of ITP, transient ITP (t-ITP), is often used instead. 8−11 By the use of discontinuous buffer, it is convenient to generate ITP and t-ITP formats coupling with other electrophoresis formats such as gel electrophoresis, 12−14 capillary electrophoresis, 15−21 and chip electrophoresis. 22,23 In these applications, no special instrument is required.Basically, ITP can be constructed by the use of two distinct electroloytes containing leading and terminating ions with highest and lowest electrophoretic mobility, respectively. The samples are electrokinetically or hydrodynamically injected into electrophoretic channel by being placed between the leading (LE) and terminating (TE) electrolytes. 24,25 Ideally, target ions are focused at the LE/TE boundary while the leading and terminating ions are migrating at same speed b...

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The hydration of carbon dioxide

Abstract: Examines the historical development and mechanisms of various methods of the hydration of carbon dioxide.

Cited by 418 publications

References 22 publications

Determination of the Rate Constants of the Reactions CO₂+ OH^– → HCO₃— and Barbituric Acid → Barbiturate Anion +H⁺ Using the Pulse Radiolysis Technique

Determination of the Rate Constants of the Reactions CO₂+ OH^– → HCO₃— and Barbituric Acid → Barbiturate Anion +H⁺ Using the Pulse Radiolysis Technique

Bioengineering Aspects of Inorganic Carbon Supply to Mass Algal Cultures: Final Report

Transient Isotachophoresis Focusing of DNA and DNA-Protein Complexes Is Essentially Enhanced by Spontaneously Dissolved Aerial Carbon Dioxide in Electrolytes

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The hydration of carbon dioxide

Abstract: Examines the historical development and mechanisms of various methods of the hydration of carbon dioxide.

Cited by 418 publications

References 22 publications

Determination of the Rate Constants of the Reactions CO2+ OH– → HCO3— and Barbituric Acid → Barbiturate Anion +H+ Using the Pulse Radiolysis Technique

Determination of the Rate Constants of the Reactions CO2+ OH– → HCO3— and Barbituric Acid → Barbiturate Anion +H+ Using the Pulse Radiolysis Technique

Bioengineering Aspects of Inorganic Carbon Supply to Mass Algal Cultures: Final Report

Transient Isotachophoresis Focusing of DNA and DNA-Protein Complexes Is Essentially Enhanced by Spontaneously Dissolved Aerial Carbon Dioxide in Electrolytes

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Determination of the Rate Constants of the Reactions CO₂+ OH^– → HCO₃— and Barbituric Acid → Barbiturate Anion +H⁺ Using the Pulse Radiolysis Technique

Determination of the Rate Constants of the Reactions CO₂+ OH^– → HCO₃— and Barbituric Acid → Barbiturate Anion +H⁺ Using the Pulse Radiolysis Technique