The Hydra FGFR, Kringelchen, partially replaces the Drosophila Heartless FGFR

Rudolf, Anja; Hübinger, Christine; Hüsken, Katrin; Vogt, Angelika; Rebscher, Nicole; Önel, Susanne‐Filiz; Renkawitz‐Pohl, Renate; Hassel, Monika

doi:10.1007/s00427-012-0424-6

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Thus, coordination between ecto‐ and endoderm is possible, either by physical contacts of cells through the mesogloea pores (Shimizu et al, ), or by diffusible molecules like FGFs. Whether FGFRa acts effectively in both epithelia or whether FGFRb (Rudolf et al, ) assists in tissue separation has to be analyzed as well as the roles of FGFf and FGFe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bud detachment in hydra requires activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor and a Rho–ROCK–myosin II signaling pathway to ensure formation of a basal constriction

Holz

Apel

Steinmetz

et al. 2017

Developmental Dynamics

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Background: Hydra propagates asexually by exporting tissue into a bud, which detaches 4 days later as a fully differentiated young polyp. Prerequisite for detachment is activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling. The mechanism which enables constriction and tissue separation within the monolayered ecto‐ and endodermal epithelia is unknown. Results: Histological sections and staining of F‐actin by phalloidin revealed conspicuous cell shape changes at the bud detachment site indicating a localized generation of mechanical forces and the potential enhancement of secretory functions in ectodermal cells. By gene expression analysis and pharmacological inhibition, we identified a candidate signaling pathway through Rho, ROCK, and myosin II, which controls bud base constriction and rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. Specific regional myosin phosphorylation suggests a crucial role of ectodermal cells at the detachment site. Inhibition of FGFR, Rho, ROCK, or myosin II kinase activity is permissive for budding, but represses myosin phosphorylation, rearrangement of F‐actin and constriction. The young polyp remains permanently connected to the parent by a broad tissue bridge. Conclusions: Our data suggest an essential role of FGFR and a Rho‐ROCK‐myosin II pathway in the control of cell shape changes required for bud detachment. Developmental Dynamics 246:502–516, 2017. © 2017 The Authors Developmental Dynamics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bud detachment in hydra requires activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor and a Rho–ROCK–myosin II signaling pathway to ensure formation of a basal constriction

Holz

Apel

Steinmetz

et al. 2017

Developmental Dynamics

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“…Mutant rescue experiments also provide some support for this idea. The Hydra FGFRa, partially rescued a fly heartless mutant (Rudolf et al 2013), suggesting that the Hydra FGF receptor was capable of interacting with the Drosophila Dof adapter. However, the Hydra FGFR only rescued the very early phase of FGFR activity in fly embryos, prior to its involvement in MAPK signaling, which is absolutely dependent on Dof (Wilson et al 2004).…”

Section: Scenarios For Fgfr Adapter Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The full length Fgfr-b cDNA was reconstituted by using two sequence fragments encoding the first two Ig-like loops (fgfr-b ex , 835 bp, and a fragment encoding the tyrosine kinase domain (fgfr-b in , 516 bp), which had been identified previously in the Hydra AEP database (Hemmrich and Bosch 2008;Rudolf et al 2013). The missing sequence between these two fragments was isolated from cDNA by PCR using proofreading polymerase (Pfu) and the following primers:…”

Section: Cloning Of Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

What lies beneath: Hydra provides cnidarian perspectives into the evolution of FGFR docking proteins

et al. 2020

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Across the Bilateria, FGF/FGFR signaling is critical for normal development, and in both Drosophila and vertebrates, docking proteins are required to connect activated FGFRs with downstream pathways. While vertebrates use Frs2 to dock FGFR to the RAS/MAPK or PI3K pathways, the unrelated protein, downstream of FGFR (Dof/stumps/heartbroken), fulfills the corresponding function in Drosophila. To better understand the evolution of the signaling pathway downstream of FGFR, the available sequence databases were screened to identify Frs2, Dof, and other key pathway components in phyla that diverged early in animal evolution. While Frs2 homologues were detected only in members of the Bilateria, canonical Dof sequences (containing Dof, ankyrin, and SH2/SH3 domains) were present in cnidarians as well as bilaterians (but not in other animals or holozoans), correlating with the appearance of FGFR. Although these data suggested that Dof coupling might be ancestral, gene expression analysis in the cnidarian Hydra revealed that Dof is not upregulated in the zone of strong FGFRa and FGFRb expression at the bud base, where FGFR signaling controls detachment. In contrast, transcripts encoding other, known elements of FGFR signaling in Bilateria, namely the FGFR adaptors Grb2 and Crkl, which are acting downstream of Dof (and Frs2), as well as the guanyl nucleotide exchange factor Sos, and the tyrosine phosphatase Csw/Shp2, were strongly upregulated at the bud base. Our expression analysis, thus, identified transcriptional upregulation of known elements of FGFR signaling at the Hydra bud base indicating a highly conserved toolkit. Lack of transcriptional Dof upregulation raises the interesting question, whether Hydra FGFR signaling requires either of the docking proteins known from Bilateria.

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“…Across all three species pairs, and of the 2010 orthologs, we identified 17 genes with pairwise dN/dS values greater than one (Table 2). These include several genes related to development and metabolism, axes formation and positioning, including ADAMTS3, FGFR and Nodal (Fernandes et al, 2001;Goriely et al, 2005;Lapraz et al, 2007;Muñoz-Ch apuli, 2011;Rudolf et al, 2013), as well as sulphide quinone reductase, a gene related to sulphur metabolism from bacteria to humans (Theissen et al, 2003;Goubern et al, 2007). Many of the remaining proteins exhibit sequence similarity to predicted proteins in the Tribolium flour beetle genome, but these proteins have not been functionally characterized (Table 2).…”

Section: Comparative Transcriptomics and Rates Of Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signals of selection in conditionally expressed genes in the diversification of three horned beetle species

Pespeni

Ladner

Moczek

2017

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Species radiations may be facilitated by phenotypic differences already present within populations, such as those arising through sex-specific development or developmental processes biased towards particular reproductive or trophic morphs. We sought to test this hypothesis by utilizing a comparative transcriptomic approach to contrast among- and within-species differentiation using three horned beetle species in the genus Onthophagus. These three species exhibit differences along three phenotypic axes reflective of much of the interspecific diversity present within the genus: horn location, polarity of sexual dimorphism and degree of nutritional sensitivity. Our approach combined de novo transcript assembly, assessment of amino acid substitutions (dN/dS) across orthologous gene pairs and integration of gene function and conditional gene expression data. We identified 17 genes across the three species pairs related to axis patterning, development and metabolism with dN/dS > 1 and detected elevated dN/dS in genes related to metabolism and biosynthesis in the most closely related species pair, which is characterized by a loss of nutritional polyphenism and a reversal of sexual dimorphism. Further, we found that genes that are conditionally expressed (i.e. as a function of sex, nutrition or body region) within one of our focal species also showed significantly stronger signals of positive or relaxed purifying selection between species divergent along the same morphological axis (i.e. polarity of sexual dimorphism, degree of nutritional sensitivity or location of horns). Our findings thus reveal a positive relationship between intraspecific differentiation due to condition-specific development and genetic divergences among species.

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The Hydra FGFR, Kringelchen, partially replaces the Drosophila Heartless FGFR

Cited by 4 publications

References 54 publications

Bud detachment in hydra requires activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor and a Rho–ROCK–myosin II signaling pathway to ensure formation of a basal constriction

Bud detachment in hydra requires activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor and a Rho–ROCK–myosin II signaling pathway to ensure formation of a basal constriction

What lies beneath: Hydra provides cnidarian perspectives into the evolution of FGFR docking proteins

Signals of selection in conditionally expressed genes in the diversification of three horned beetle species

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