The Hybrid Solar-RF Energy for Base Transceiver Stations

Abstract

The base transceiver stations (BTS) are telecom infrastructures that facilitate wireless communication between the subscriber device and the telecom operator networks. They are deployed in suitable places having a lot of freely propagating ambient radio frequency (RF) and solar energies. This paper is aimed at converting received ambient environmental energy into usable electricity to power the stations. We proposed a hybrid energy harvesting system that can collect energy from RF and solar energies at the same time. The sources are combined to provide to a significant amount, to contribute to operational expenditures that reduce energy costs, and to improve the energy efficiency of the base station sites in rural areas from the most common renewable resources since the base stations are major consumers of cellular networks. The hybrid systems are designed with circuits, simulated, and compared to show their good performance to the base stations. PSIM, PROTEUS, and MATLAB software are used to simulate for evaluating the voltage and the current output of the hybrid systems that meet the power requirements. The design and simulation results show the feasibility of our proposed method with the battery storage that can be deployed not only in real base stations but also for other electrical operated systems.

Literature Study of Harvesting Energy with Resources Radio Frequency

“…On a large scale, research [2]proposes a hybrid energy harvesting system to provide power supply to the BTS (Base Transceiver Station) as backup power if the grid or generator cannot work or experience disruption. In Figure 6, it can be seen that the main energy source can work together with the reserve energy source that comes from solar thermal and RF EH.…”

“…Solar energy consists of a photovoltaic (PV) array. Research [2]applying MPPT (Maximum power point tracking) to adjust the work cycle of the amplifier converter, to achieve high voltage. RF energy consists of an antenna, a matching circuit, and a rectifier circuit.…”

“…So, the boost converter has two working modes, namely the MOSFET transistor ON mode and the TransistorMOSFET OFF mode. Voltage Multiplier on the schematic block diagram research [2] functions to change the source of a low AC input voltage to a higher DC voltage.…”

“…Along with the development of the times has triggered technological developments in the field of information and communication, especially wirelessbased communication systems [1]. Wireless communication systems are one of the most important technologies for promoting development and economic and social progress around the world [2]. Telecommunication infrastructure development is increasing everywhere to rural areas and remote places far from urban areas.…”

“…The use of RF is more widely used in low-power devices, ranging from measuring intraocular pressure in medical, measuring temperature, as a wireless sensor network [6], as well as low power based IoT device power generation [7]. However, there is also the application of large-scale energy harvesting that is designed using a hybrid system [2]. It is hoped that in the future the energy harvesting process that is around us can replace devices whose resources use batteries because it can damage the environment later.…”