The Hybrid Road Approach for Durability Loads Prediction

Bäcker, Manfred; Langthaler, Thomas; Olbrich, M.; Oppermann, Helge

doi:10.4271/2005-01-0628

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…They showed promising results but the validity of their results was limited due to the simple models used -linear 7 DOF vehicle model -and a simple tire model consisting of a spring and a damper. Bäcker et al 4 constructed a multibody dynamic vehicle model with a simple tire model consisting of a spring and a damper, and using this model, they designed a road profile generation algorithm. In their numerical approach, however, they only used the vertical spindle forces as the target to match, and as a result, their road profile lacked reliability on the road that induces lateral spindle forces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and application of VPG simulation technique based on equivalent virtual road profile

Kang

Park

Heo

et al. 2010

Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf.

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NOMENCLATUREx(n), X(f )= input vectors in time and frequency domain y(n), Y(f )=output vectors in time and frequency domain G ( ) = auto(xx) and cross(xy) power spectrum H( ) = frequency response function ∆ = sampling period [sec] Ω = frequency resolution [Hz] ( )* = complex conjugate of ( ) ( ) + = pseudo-inverse of ( ) ( ) T = transpose of ( ) ( ) (i) = iteration index DFT{} = discrete Fourier transform IDFT{} = inverse discrete Fourier transform A Virtual Proving Ground (VPG) is a vehicle simulation environment used for evaluating durability of the suspension elements. Among the components that comprise the VPG system, the tire model with its complex nonlinear characteristics has most significant impact on the credibility of the estimated durability. This research proposes a method for generating an equivalent road profile as a way to compensate for the limits involved in modeling details of the tire characteristics. The method first identifies the frequency response function from the road heights to the spindle forces, which would contain rich information on the tire's effect on the vehicle dynamics. Then it back-calculates a road profile using this model and the spindle force measurement. Finally the solution is updated iteratively until it yields the spindle forces close to their measured values. Using the proposed method, an equivalent road profile was successfully generated from a spindle force measurement collected from a physical durability test. In order to investigate validity of the proposed method, durability analysis was performed for a suspension component -a lower control arm. From the preliminary VPG simulation results, it was confirmed that the estimated fatigue life agreed well with the estimation based upon the force measurement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and application of VPG simulation technique based on equivalent virtual road profile

Kang

Park

Heo

et al. 2010

Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf.

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“…Usually, wheel force transducers (WFTs) that record forces and moments exerted on the wheel hub are used to acquire field data necessary for semi analytical simulations, in conjunction with kinematic data collected using inertial measurement units (IMU). 2,[8][9][10] Numerous semi analytical simulation methods have been described in the literature. Some are solely based on WFTs data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic input loads evaluation of a recreational vehicle frame using multibody dynamics hybrid modeling validated with experimental and full analytical modeling data

Blanchette

Boisvert

Joubert

et al. 2021

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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Knowledge of frame loads at the limits of the intended driving conditions is important during the design process of a vehicle structure. Yet, retrieving these loads is not trivial as the load path between the road and the frame mounting point is complex. Fortunately, recent studies have shown that multibody dynamic (MBD) simulations could be a powerful tool to estimate these loads. Two main categories of MBD simulations exist. Firstly, full analytical simulations, which have received great attention in the literature, are run in a virtual environment using a tire model and a virtual road. Secondly, hybrid simulations, also named semi analytical, uses experimental data from Wheel Force Transducers and Inertial Measurement Units to replace the road and tire models. It is still unclear how trustworthy semi analytical simulations are for frame load evaluation. Both methods were tested for three loads cases. It was found that semi analytical simulations were slightly better in predicting vehicle dynamic and frame loads than the full analytical simulations for frequencies under the MF-Tyre model valid frequency range (8 Hz) with accuracy levels over 90%. For faster dynamic maneuvers, the prediction accuracy was lower, in the 50%–80% range, with semi analytical simulations showing better results.

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“…One may then assume that wheel loads on the instrumented vehicle are close to those of the future version. Durability analysis can be performed with WFT data over a higher-frequency spectrum than full analytical models since tire models are limited in their frequency range of validity [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, the scope of this paper is to compare frame load prediction accuracy of different semi-analytical methods described in the literature [1,10,13]. To that end, an accuracy assessment tool was created to evaluate the performance of each method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although these transducers do not directly provide chassis loads, their data can be used in MBD simulations to predict loads transmitted to the frame. Simulations that make use of WFT data are called semi-analytical, or hybrid simulations in different studies [ 1 , 11 – 13 ]. Semi-analytical MBD simulations are valuable since they require neither a tire model nor a road profile, which are essential to perform full analytical simulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frame loads accuracy assessment of semianalytical multibody dynamic simulation methods of a recreational vehicle

et al. 2020

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The design of a vehicle frame is largely dependent on the loads applied on the suspension and heavy parts mounting points. These loads can either be estimated through full analytical multibody dynamic simulations, or from semi-analytical simulations in which tire and road sub-models are not included and external vehicle loads, recorded during field testing, are used as inputs to the wheel hubs. Several semi-analytical methods exist, with various modeling architectures, yet, it is unclear how one method over another improves frame loads prediction accuracy. This study shows that a semi-analytical method that constrains the vehicle frame center of gravity movement along a recorded trajectory, using a control algorithm, leads to an accuracy within 1% for predicting frame loads, when compared to reference loads from a full analytical model. The control algorithm computes six degrees of freedom forces and moments applied at the vehicle center of gravity to closely follow the recorded vehicle trajectory. It is also shown that modeling the flexibility of the suspension arms and controlling wheel hub angular velocity both contribute in improving frame loads accuracy, while an acquisition frequency of 200 Hz appears to be sufficient to capture load dynamics for several maneuvers. Knowledge of these loads helps engineers perform appropriate dimensioning of vehicle structural components therefore ensuring their reliability under various driving conditions.

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The Hybrid Road Approach for Durability Loads Prediction

Cited by 24 publications

References 1 publication

Development and application of VPG simulation technique based on equivalent virtual road profile

Development and application of VPG simulation technique based on equivalent virtual road profile

Dynamic input loads evaluation of a recreational vehicle frame using multibody dynamics hybrid modeling validated with experimental and full analytical modeling data

Frame loads accuracy assessment of semianalytical multibody dynamic simulation methods of a recreational vehicle

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