The humoral immune responses of patients bitten by the snake Bothrops jararaca (jararaca)

Domingos, Marta O.; Cardoso, João Luiz Costa; Moura-da-Silva, Ana Maria; Mota, I.

doi:10.1016/0041-0101(90)90262-6

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This IgM production was previously observed using Bothrops jararaca venom with patients bitten by this snake 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…In another study, the authors had previously observed that Bothrops jararaca venom is not well neutralized by the commercial antivenom, since patients analysed showed different patterns of recognition, which could implicate the genetic background of each patient or the degree of absorption of venom components 7 . In this study, the authors elucidated a clearer understand regarding the humoral immune response elicited by patients bitten by Bothrops erythromelas as a way of developing a potential new therapy approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Humoral immune response of patients bitten by the snake Bothrops erythromelas

Luna

Xavier

Pascoal³

et al. 2010

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Snake envenomings are a health problem in rural areas of tropical and subtropical countries, but little is known regarding the immune response presented by bitten individuals. The IgM production of patients bitten by Bothrops erythromelas snake was analyzed to identify the effectiveness of treatment in this type of envenomation. Methods: Bothrops erythromelas venom was submitted to electrophoresis and transferred to a nitrocellulose sheet, following incubation with patients' sera. Results: A 38 KDa protein was detected before and 24 h after therapy. Conclusions: The result suggests that this protein could be used as a marker for individuals envenomed by Bothrops. erythromelas.

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“…This IgM production was previously observed using Bothrops jararaca venom with patients bitten by this snake 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humoral immune response of patients bitten by the snake Bothrops erythromelas

Luna

Xavier

Pascoal³

et al. 2010

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…This fact emphasizes that the oxidative damage is induced by the cobra venom in horse plasma. These results indicated that increased oxidative stress in the plasma after immunization may have functional consequences in terms of a chronic inflammatory response, increased mitochondrial superoxide production and oxidative protein and DNA damage (Domingos et al, 1990;Larson and Wagner, 2021;Liburt et al, 2010;Santhosh et al, 2013;Al-Quraishy et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Several important cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-10, Interferon-gamma (IFN-g), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a) and proteins related to T and B-lymphocytes, such as CD19, E2A and Forkhead Box P3 (FOXP3) are involved in the immune response to infection and immunization (Jalali et al, 2015). A variety of methods are used in a wide variety of protein expression profiling applications, including diagnostic and basic immunological research in humans and animals (Domingos et al, 1990). Quantitative real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the method of choice used to quantify the mRNA expression of cytokines which are often expressed at low levels (Sanchez-Matamoros et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress of horse immune response after cobra venom immunization for therapeutic antivenom production

2023

ANRES

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Importance of the work: Inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress provide useful information relating to the immune response of horses after cobra boosting. Objectives: To evaluate the release of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in horses after receiving a cobra booster. Materials & Methods: Twenty horses used for producing cobra antivenom were separated into three groups of immune phenotypes according to neutralizing antibody titer in mice (high antibody titers, low antibody titers and non-response). Cytokine mediators, related proteins and oxidative stress were measured up to 1 mo after a cobra booster using SYBR Green real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and biochemical methods, respectively. Results: Only horses with high and low antibody titers began to elevate substantially on d 7 and peaking on d 14 but at different levels. Oxidative stress, malondialdehyde, glutathione reductase, catalase and superoxide dismutase, with high and low antibody titers, were significantly (p < 0.05) increased on d 7 after getting a booster dose and were only slightly changed in horses in the non-response group. Only IL-4 and IL-10 showed significant (p < 0.05) differences under the influence of the three groups of immune phenotypes and date-time. Main finding: With a cobra booster, measurement of mRNA expression of cytokine mediators (especially IL-4 and IL-10) and oxidative stress could be additional immunological parameters to monitor or predict clinical responses to cobra venom and may also reduce the number of animals used in the process of snake antivenom production. The gained knowledge should help to develop strategies to achieve a successful immunization schedule and high-quality snake antivenom.

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“…The hosts ability to recognize the venom as foreign may depend on the route by which it enters the body, the animal's ability to process the venom toxins, and the genetic background of the individual horses (21). In humans bitten for the first time by Bothrops jararaca, the increase in IgG occurred at 18 days postenvenomation (18), while those bitten two or more times developed titers by day three (18). It is also possible that these horses received a dry bite or a very small dose of venom that was enough to cause local inflammation but not enough to result in a humoral immune response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody Responses to Natural Rattlesnake Envenomation and a Rattlesnake Toxoid Vaccine in Horses

Gilliam¹,

Carmichael²,

Holbrook³

et al. 2013

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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e Antivenom antibody titers following administration of rattlesnake venom for antivenom production in horses are well documented; however, antivenom antibody titers following natural rattlesnake envenomation in horses are not. Antibody titers produced in response to the commercially available rattlesnake venom vaccine are also not published. Our study objectives were to measure antivenom antibody titers in rattlesnake-bitten horses and compare them to titers in horses vaccinated with the rattlesnake venom vaccine. Additionally, titers were compared in pregnant versus nonpregnant horses to assess the affect of pregnancy on vaccine response and were measured pre-and postsuckle in foals of vaccinated mares to detect passive transfer of vaccine immunoglobulins. Blood samples were collected from16 rattlesnake-bitten horses. Thirty-six horses (11 pregnant mares, 12 nonpregnant mares, 13 geldings) were vaccinated using a Crotalus atrox venom toxoid vaccine. Blood was collected before administering each vaccination and 30 days following the third vaccination. Blood was collected from foals of vaccinated mares pre-and postsuckle. All serum was assayed for anti-Crotalus atrox venom antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Rattlesnake-bitten horses had higher (P ‫؍‬ 0.001) titers than vaccinated horses. There was no significant difference between titers in vaccinated pregnant versus nonpregnant horses. One mare had a positive titer at foaling, and the foals had positive postsuckle titers. Antivenom antibody titer development was variable following natural envenomation and vaccination, and vaccine-induced titers were lower than natural envenomation titers. Further studies are required to determine if natural or vaccine antivenom antibody titers reduce the effects of envenomation.

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The humoral immune responses of patients bitten by the snake Bothrops jararaca (jararaca)

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Humoral immune response of patients bitten by the snake Bothrops erythromelas

Humoral immune response of patients bitten by the snake Bothrops erythromelas

Activation of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress of horse immune response after cobra venom immunization for therapeutic antivenom production

Antibody Responses to Natural Rattlesnake Envenomation and a Rattlesnake Toxoid Vaccine in Horses

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