The human task-evoked pupillary response function is linear: Implications for baseline response scaling in pupillometry

Reilly, Jamie; Kelly, Alexandra; Kim, Seunghwan; Jett, Savannah; Zuckerman, Bonnie

doi:10.3758/s13428-018-1134-4

Cited by 93 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…Reilly, personal communication, July 1, 2019), we confirmed that this Reilly et al, (2019) obtained their luminance values by using the subject view. Therefore, it would be good practice to be very explicit about how luminance values are obtained for anyone doing pupillometry researchsomething we will do in future publications.…”

Section: Methodological Implicationssupporting

confidence: 80%

Fluid intelligence and the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system

Tsukahara¹,

Engle²

2020

Preprint

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The locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system is uniquely situated to influence a wide-array of brain and cellular processes at all levels of brain functions. We review the literature on the locus-coeruleus-norepinephrine system in relation to fluid intelligence within the context of our executive attention theory. We discuss evidence suggesting the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system plays an important role in the functional organization of the resting-state brain and that this can explain our finding from Tsukahara et al. (2016) that higher fluid intelligence and working memory capacity is associated with a larger baseline pupil size. However, other researchers have not been able to replicate our 2016 finding – though they only measured working memory capacity and not fluid intelligence. In a reanalysis of Tsukahara et al. (2016) we show that reduced variability on baseline pupil size will result in a higher probability of obtaining smaller and non-significant correlations with working memory capacity. In two large-scale studies, we demonstrated that reduced variability in baseline pupil size values down to minimal physiological limits can be obtained if the monitor is too bright. Additionally, fluid intelligence and working memory capacity do correlate with baseline pupil size except in the brightest lighting conditions. We also investigated the relationship of higher-order cognition to baseline pupil size within the context of our executive attention theory. Therefore, we conclude that fluid intelligence does correlate with baseline pupil size and that this is related to the functional organization of the resting-state brain through the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system.

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Section: Methodological Implicationssupporting

confidence: 80%

Fluid intelligence and the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system

Tsukahara¹,

Engle²

2020

Preprint

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“…Although studies in cognitive pupillometry traditionally focus on the change in pupil size relative to baseline (the task-evoked pupillary response; see Reilly et al, 2018), several studies have focused on the BPD itself. Unlike the task-evoked pupillary response that is measured during or after an experimental trial, the BPD is a measure taken prior to an experimental trial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticipatory Baseline Pupil Diameter Is Sensitive to Differences in Hearing Thresholds

Ayasse

Wingfield

2020

Front. Psychol.

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Task-evoked changes in pupil dilation have long been used as a physiological index of cognitive effort. Unlike this response, that is measured during or after an experimental trial, the baseline pupil dilation (BPD) is a measure taken prior to an experimental trial. As such, it is considered to reflect an individual's arousal level in anticipation of an experimental trial. We report data for 68 participants, ages 18 to 89, whose hearing acuity ranged from normal hearing to a moderate hearing loss, tested over a series 160 trials on an auditory sentence comprehension task. Results showed that BPDs progressively declined over the course of the experimental trials, with participants with poorer pure tone detection thresholds showing a steeper rate of decline than those with better thresholds. Data showed this slope difference to be due to participants with poorer hearing having larger BPDs than those with better hearing at the start of the experiment, but with their BPDs approaching that of the better hearing participants by the end of the 160 trials. A finding of increasing response accuracy over trials was seen as inconsistent with a fatigue or reduced task engagement account of the diminishing BPDs. Rather, the present results imply BPD as reflecting a heightened arousal level in poorer-hearing participants in anticipation of a task that demands accurate speech perception, a concern that dissipates over trials with task success. These data taken with others suggest that the baseline pupillary response may not reflect a single construct.

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“…Next, a five-point moving average was used to smooth the data. The smoothed data was then normalized with subtractive baselining (Reilly, Kelly, Kim, Jett, & Zuckerman, 2019) . The baseline for each trial was the median value of the 500 ms immediately preceding the beginning of the stimulus.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid adaptation to fully intelligible nonnative-accented speech reduces listening effort

Brown¹,

McLaughlin²,

Strand³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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In noisy settings or when listening to an unfamiliar talker or accent, it may be difficult to recognize spoken language. This difficulty typically results in reductions in speech intelligibility, but may also increase the effort necessary to process the speech. In the current study, we used a dual-task paradigm and pupillometry to assess the cognitive costs associated with processing fully intelligible accented speech, predicting that rapid perceptual adaptation to an accent would result in decreased listening effort over time. Both paradigms revealed greater effort for nonnative- relative to native-accented speech, as well as an overall reduction in listening effort over the course of the experiment, but only the pupillometry experiment revealed greater adaptation to nonnative- relative to native-accented speech. An exploratory analysis of the dual-task data that attempted to minimize practice effects, however, revealed weak evidence for greater adaptation to the nonnative accent. These results suggest that even when speech is fully intelligible, resolving deviations between the acoustic input and stored lexical representations incurs a processing cost, and adaptation may attenuate this cost.

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The human task-evoked pupillary response function is linear: Implications for baseline response scaling in pupillometry

Cited by 93 publications

References 52 publications

Fluid intelligence and the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system

Fluid intelligence and the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system

Anticipatory Baseline Pupil Diameter Is Sensitive to Differences in Hearing Thresholds

Rapid adaptation to fully intelligible nonnative-accented speech reduces listening effort

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