The human proximal femur behaves linearly elastic up to failure under physiological loading conditions

Study of sex differences in the association between hip fracture risk and body parameters by DXA-based biomechanical modeling

“…1(d)) [59]. We performed linear elastic analysis without considering the post-yield behavior because the proximal femur behaves linear elastic until failure [69]. After constructing the finite element model, critical cross-sections were obtained based on definitions in published literatures [70], i.e., the femoral neck at its narrowest point; the intertrochanter along the bisector of the neck-shaft angle; and the subtrochanter at the distance of 1.5 times neck-width, distal to the apex of the neck-shaft angle ( Fig.…”

A quasi-brittle continuum damage finite element model of the human proximal femur based on element deletion

“…Several studies showed that bone exhibits a quasi-brittle material behavior [5,14,16,[32][33][34]62] or brittle behavior [31,43,68,88] depending mainly on the deformation rate applied and the bone properties. Therefore, more suitable physical models are still lacking to describe the brittle to quasi-brittle fracture behavior of human femur.…”

“…These approaches include orientation methods using anatomical directions corresponding to the bone shape [7,26,38,90], variation in the CT Hounsfield unit values based on micromechanical considerations [30,66,73,76], bone remodeling simulation prior to fracture prediction to obtain the bone orthotropic orientation and elastic assignment [11,17,20,40,51], and a procedure to orientate orthotropic properties in a proximal femur FE model using the directions of the principal stresses produced by a physiological load scheme [64]. Empirical relations between the orthotropic constants and bone density have been suggested by several authors [29][30][31][32][33][34]. Nevertheless, the determination of material trajectories related to the trabecular orientations from clinical quantitative computed tomography (QCT) scans remains an open question [64,71,74,86].…”

What Ape Proximal Femora Tell Us About Femoroacetabular Impingement: A Comparison

“…We speculate that the reduced concavity in the anterosuperior head-neck region in modern humans is an adaptation to better resist the higher loads of obligate bipedal upright gait and running [5]. Decreasing concavity may increase tensile strength in the anterosuperior femoral head-neck junction [2], ie, the region where the femoral neck fracture line starts [2,9].…”