The human placental transfer of nicotine and its conversion to cotinine

Sastry, B. V. Rama; Chance, M. B.

doi:10.1016/0143-4004(94)90155-4

Cited by 3 publications

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“…According to the studies of Sastry and his collaborators [39,40] using perfused human placental cotyledon, nicotine is transferred from maternal perfusate into fetal perfusate and the maternal/fetal concentration ratio reaches 1.0. During this transfer, some of the nicotine is metabolized to cotinine which en ters the fetal circulation.…”

Section: Changes In Concentrations O F Nicotine and Cotinine In The Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Retention of Nicotine and Its Metabolite, Cotinine, in the Rat as a Function of Time

Sastry¹,

Chance²,

Singh

et al. 1995

Pharmacology

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Nicotine is oxidized to its major metabolite, cotinine, which has a long biological half-life (19–24 h). The plasma concentration of cotinine has been used as an index of tobacco smoke exposure. Cotinine possibly increases the turnover rate of platelet-activating factor (PAF) because it is a potent activator of PAF hydrolase, and it may play a significant role in tobacco-induced arterial thrombosis. Therefore, we studied the distribution and retention of nicotine as it was metabolized to cotinine in the rat. Nicotine (1 mg/kg, 5 µCi/kg) was administered into the femoral vein of male Sprague-Dawley rats under nembutal anesthesia. At different times (5–60 min) after nicotine administration, nicotine and its metabolite, cotinine, were determined by HPLC in plasma, liver, kidney, heart and brain. Within 5–10 min after administration, nicotine concentrations reached peak values in plasma (2,160 pmol/ml) and the organs analyzed. The plasma level of nicotine decreased by 50% within 20 min (half-time) after its intravenous administration. The half-time of nicotine in the brain was about 50 min. The half-times of nicotine for the other organs were about 20–25 min. The major metabolite, cotinine, accumulated in plasma, and by about 30 min the concentrations of nicotine and cotinine in plasma were about equal (890–1,000 pmol/ml). While cotinine accumulated in plasma, nicotine was eliminated by the kidney. While the nicotine concentrations decreased with time in all organs, cotinine concentrations remained constant. These observations indicate that nicotine is renally eliminated or metabolized to cotinine while cotinine exhibits a long retention time and accumulates in plasma. This plasma accumulation may contribute to activation of PAF turnover rate and to thrombosis.

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Section: Changes In Concentrations O F Nicotine and Cotinine In The Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Retention of Nicotine and Its Metabolite, Cotinine, in the Rat as a Function of Time

Sastry¹,

Chance²,

Singh

et al. 1995

Pharmacology

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Toxicology of the Placenta

Gupta

2009

General, Applied and Systems Toxicology

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Placental toxicology deals with the adverse effects of toxic substances on the placenta, the mother and the foetus. It is a fascinating subject which receives attention from biologists, toxicologists, teratologists, pharmacologists, physicians and regulatory agencies. Structural or functional damage to the placenta can lead to abortion, birth defects, stillbirth, premature birth and many other complications. Since the placenta is an entry organ to the foetus, and the ‘placental barrier’ is merely a false notion, the placenta remains vulnerable to the adverse effects of many toxicants. The placenta is a complex organ to study since it continually changes throughout gestation. This organ is further complicated by multiple pregnancies in many species, including humans. The placenta plays several roles in the development of the foetus by serving as the lung, gut, kidney and endocrine/exocrine gland. Additionally, it supplies vital nutrients and gases to the foetus. This chapter describes the placental toxicity of drugs of abuse, alcohol, tobacco products, metals, pesticides, environmental toxicants and mycotoxins.

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Techniques to study human placental transport

Sastry

1999

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews

109

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The human placental transfer of nicotine and its conversion to cotinine

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Distribution and Retention of Nicotine and Its Metabolite, Cotinine, in the Rat as a Function of Time

Distribution and Retention of Nicotine and Its Metabolite, Cotinine, in the Rat as a Function of Time

Toxicology of the Placenta

Techniques to study human placental transport

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