The Human Nervous System—An Anatomical Viewpoint

Rivera, José A.

doi:10.1093/milmed/140.7.490

Cited by 11 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…is transmitted by medium size neurons and their thinly myelinated Aδ nerve fibres. The slow burning sensation is transmitted by small size neurons and their type-C unmyelinated nerve fibres [6,10]. In the faster system, painful stimuli are perceived at conscious level in the cerebral cortex via a series of three neurons.…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They establish multiple synapses in the brainstem reticular formation before ascending further and synapsing with neurons of the mediodorsal and intralaminar thalamic nuclei. The neurons of these thalamic nuclei project widely to cortical association areas, the anterior cingulate gyrus, and the frontal lobe [6,10], which may explain the heightened and emotional response of patients to pain.…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crude touch sensation is transmitted to the cortex via a similar series of three order neurons [6,10]. The altered sensation to touch whereby an innocuous stimulus generates pain (allodynia) may be initiated locally.…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…by satellite ganglion cells (SGC), which are modified Schwann cells, and share some features with astrocyte glial cells of the CNS [6]. It is of interest to note that ganglion neurons, SGC, Schwann cells and astrocytes share a common embryonic origin from the neural crest [7].…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SGC play a major role in homeostasis of the DRG neurons. The ganglion neurons (20-100 µm in diameter) are the first order neurons in the neuroanatomical sensory pathways for the transmission of discriminative touch and proprioception (large size neurons), crude/ light touch (intermediate size neurons), and pain and thermal sensations (medium size neurons for fast pain, and small size neurons for slow pain and thermal sensations) [6,8,9].…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

The Neuroanatomical Basis of Unfamiliar Presentations of Herpes Zoster: A Review and A Case Report

N¹,

N²

2023

Clin Med Rev Case Rep

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Herpes zoster (HZ, shingles) is caused by reactivated varicella zoster virus, that travels along the peripheral branches from its dormant location in neurons of spinal and cranial sensory ganglia. HZ is well known for its skin vesicular eruptions and severe sensory neuropathy. Over the years, reports have described the occurrence of segmental paresis of skeletal muscles and the involvement of the large and small intestine, clinically resembling intestinal obstruction.The spread of the virus to the motor and autonomic nervous systems is discussed here based on the neuroanatomical pathways and with reference to the unfamiliar manifestations observed in a recently hospitalised HZ case.A 66-year-old male of Egyptian descent, initially developed muscle aches in the right loin, altered touch sensation in the overlying skin and bouts of stabbing pain. These were followed on day two by the appearance of an abdominal wall swelling, 10 × 12 cm, in the right lumbar region. On day four, he complained of nausea, bloating, abdominal distension, and constipation. Examination revealed reduced intestinal sounds, and CT scans showed distended intestine with gas and fluid levels. On day five, vesicular skin rash characteristic of HZ appeared along dermatomes of the right spinal nerves T10 to L1.Surgeons and medical practitioners should be made aware of these unfamiliar presentations of HZ, especially as these may precede the archetypal skin rash, to evade unnecessary surgical intervention.

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Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Neuroanatomical Basis of Unfamiliar Presentations of Herpes Zoster: A Review and A Case Report

N¹,

N²

2023

Clin Med Rev Case Rep

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Synthesis of some new 4‐imino‐3,5,7‐trisubstituted‐pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐2(1H)‐thiones

Verma

Taneja

Mital

et al. 1987

Journal of Heterocyclic Chem

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A framework for cortical laminar composition analysis using low-resolution T1 MRI images

et al. 2019

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The layer composition of the cerebral cortex represents a unique anatomical fingerprint of brain development, function, connectivity and pathology. Historically the cortical layers were investigated solely ex-vivo using histological means, but recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies suggest that T1 relaxation images can be utilized to separate the layers. Despite technological advancements in the field of high resolution MRI, accurate estimation of whole brain layer composition has remained limited due to partial volume effects, leaving some layers far beyond the image resolution. In this study we offer a simple and accurate method for layer composition analysis, resolving partial volume effects and cortical curvature heterogeneity. We use a low resolution echo planar imaging inversion recovery (EPI IR) MRI scan protocol that provides fast acquisition (~12 minutes) and enables extraction of multiple T1 relaxation time components per voxel, which are assigned to types of brain tissue and utilized to extract the subvoxel composition of each T1 layer. While previous investigation of the layers required the estimation of cortical normals or smoothing of layer widths (similar to VBM), here we developed a sphere-based approach to explore the inner mesoscale architecture of the cortex. Our novel algorithm conducts spatial analysis using volumetric sampling of a system of virtual spheres dispersed throughout the entire cortical space. The methodology offers a robust and powerful framework for quantification and visualization of the layers on the cortical surface, providing a basis for quantitative investigation of their role in cognition, physiology and pathology.

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The Human Nervous System—An Anatomical Viewpoint

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

The Neuroanatomical Basis of Unfamiliar Presentations of Herpes Zoster: A Review and A Case Report

The Neuroanatomical Basis of Unfamiliar Presentations of Herpes Zoster: A Review and A Case Report

Synthesis of some new 4‐imino‐3,5,7‐trisubstituted‐pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐2(1H)‐thiones

A framework for cortical laminar composition analysis using low-resolution T1 MRI images

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