The human nail – Barrier characterisation and permeation enhancement

Walters, K.; Abdalghafor, H.; Lane, Majella E.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.04.024

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…The water content within the nail was found to be increased with increase in hydration time up to 15 min, after which there was no further increase even after 2 h of hydration. The water content within the nail returned back to the baseline within 30 min after 2 h of hydration [42]. These results were in corollary with the results obtained in investigations carried out by Egawa et al [18] to determine the water content using NIR-DR.…”

Section: Confocal Raman Spectroscopy (Crs)supporting

confidence: 86%

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Structural and component mining of nails using bioengineering techniques

Thatai

Sapra

2016

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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The human nail is one of the challenging membranes for the scientists to target and to improve the clinical efficacy of ungual formulations. The understanding of nail physiology, impact of hydration on its properties and presence of trace elements in nails as biomarkers has been explored by various researchers in clinical studies. Despite the importance of biophysical techniques for the assessment of structure and physiology of nail, minimum literature analyses biophysical, biochemical and bioanalytical approaches. However, nowadays scientists in bioengineering field are keen in developing non-invasive, reliable and reproducible techniques for the assessment of different anatomical and functional parameters of nails for testing of ungual products.

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Section: Confocal Raman Spectroscopy (Crs)supporting

confidence: 86%

“…The increase in water content of the nail in response to the increase in RH was observed gravimetrically as well as using NIR spectroscopy. A good relationship was observed for the weight changes and NIR spectra at 1422 nm (r 2 = 0.96) and at 1908 nm (r 2 = 0.99) [42].…”

Section: Dynamic Vapour Sorption Near Infraredmentioning

confidence: 73%

Structural and component mining of nails using bioengineering techniques

Thatai

Sapra

2016

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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“…This effect was confirmed by who observed decrease in permeability coefficient of hexanol through the nail plate with the decrease in amount of water in the medium as well in the presence of a non polar cosolvent (DMSO and isopropanol) [59]. Likewise, effect of different mixtures of organic solvents in different concentrations (ethanol, propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol) on nail hydration and permeability using 3 H-water, 14 C-urea and 14 C-tetraethylammonium as probes was determined. Decrease in water uptake as well as permeability of urea and tetraethyl ammonium into and across the nail with increase in concentration of organic solvent was found.…”

Section: Nature Of the Vehiclementioning

confidence: 57%

Transungual delivery: deliberations and creeds

Thatai

Sapra

2014

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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SynopsisAlthough considered as trifling illness, nail diseases have a reasonably high occurrence and a noteworthy impact on the patients' quality of life. Furthermore, there is a need to improve the topical treatment for nail diseases to avoid drug interactions and to reduce side effects associated with oral therapy. Topical drug delivery to the nails has established amplified consideration lately. Strategies (such as chemical enhancers, formulation strategies, physical and mechanical methods) are being investigated in order to improve drug permeability across the nail plate. The rationale of this review is to present contemporary information on the structure of human nail along with its comparison with animal hooves. Precincts of nail permeability have been briefly discussed with respect to factors like permeant's molecular size, hydrophilicity, charge and the nature of the vehicle. These factors affect drug uptake and permeation through the nail. Formulations like nail lacquers which mimic cosmetic varnish and colloidal carriers along with nail substitutes that can be utilized for transungual delivery have also been discussed. R esum eBien que consid er e comme etant une maladie insignifiante, les affection des ongles sont relativement fr equentes et ont un impact notable sur la qualit e de vie des patients. En outre, il s'av ere n ecessaire d'am eliorer le traitement topique des maladies des ongles pour eviter les interactions m edicamenteuses et de r eduire les effets secondaires associ es a une th erapie orale. L'administration de m edicaments topiques pour les ongles a rec ßu une consid eration amplifi ee ces derniers temps. Diverses strat egies (activateurs chimiques, des strat egies de formulation, des m ethodes physiques et m ecaniques) sont a l' etude afin d'am eliorer la perm eabilit e de la drogue a travers la plaque de l'ongle. La justification de cette revue est de pr esenter des informations contemporaines sur la structure de l'ongle humain, en la comparant avec les sabots des animaux. Les pr eceptes de perm eabilit e des ongles vontêtre bri evement discut es par rapport a des facteurs comme la taille mol eculaire du perm eant, l'hydrophilie, la charge et la nature du v ehicule, etc. Ces facteurs affectent l'absorption du m edicament et la perm eation a travers l'ongle. Des formulations comme les vernis a ongles qui imitent les vernis cosm etiques et des vecteurs collo€ ıdaux ainsi que les substituts des ongles qui peuventêtre utilis es pour la livraison TU (transungueale) sont egalement examin es.

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“…The fingernail grows on average 2-3 mm per month, so a measuring distance of 3.5 mm was used for a minimum regimen of 6 weeks to maximize the number of data points for analysis. 3,15 By comparing the TOF at the same locations for each subsequent measurement it was possible to determine if the TOF median value increased or decreased. Following the collection of data, a statistical analysis was carried out using two sample t tests with a two-tailed null hypothesis for each patient's individual fingers to verify a 95% confidence interval.…”

Section: Time-of-flight Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%