The Human Machine Interface for Airborne Control of UAVs

Howitt, Sara; Richards, Dale

doi:10.2514/6.2003-6593

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The objective of this paper is minimizing the communication and computation overheads in drone network. Howitt and Richards (2003) presented the reality in handling the UAVs which the workloads of humans have been the vital progress in communication in between UAV with humans in the adjunct of command control center. The operations such as teleoperations in UAV, UGV systems which has certain challenges too.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-co-ordination algorithm (SCA) for multi-UAV systems using fair scheduling queue

K.A.

Priyadarshini

P.C.

et al. 2022

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Purpose Data traffic through wireless communication is significantly increasing, resulting in the frequency of streaming applications as various formats and the evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT), such as virtual reality, edge device based transportation and surveillance systems. Growth in kind of applications resulted in increasing the scope of wireless communication and allocating a spectrum, as well as methods to decrease the intervention between nearby-located wireless links functioning on the same spectrum bands and hence to proliferation for the spectral efficiency. Recent advancement in drone technology has evolved quickly leading on board sensors with increased energy, storage, communication and processing capabilities. In future, the drone sensor networks will be more common and energy utilization will play a crucial role to maintain a fully functional network for the longest period of time. Envisioning the aerial drone network, this study proposes a robust high level design of algorithms for the drones (group coordination). The proposed design is validated with two algorithms using multiple drones consisting of various on-board sensors. In addition, this paper also discusses the challenges involved in designing solutions. The result obtained through proposed method outperforms the traditional techniques with the transfer rate of more than 3 MB for data transfer in the drone with coordination Design/methodology/approach Fair Scheduling Algorithm (FSA) using a queue is a distributed slot assignment algorithm. The FSA executes in rounds. The duration of each round is dynamic based upon the delay in the network. FSA prevents the collision by ensuring that none of the neighboring node gets the same slot. Nodes (Arivudainambi et al., 2019) which are separated by two or more hopes can get assigned in the same slot, thereby preventing the collision. To achieve fairness at the scheduling level, the FSA maintains four different states for each node as IDLE, REQUEST, GRANT and RELEASE. Findings A multi-unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system can operate in both centralized and decentralized manner. In a centralized system, the ground control system will take care of drone data collection, decisions on navigation, task updation, etc. In a decentralized system, the UAVs are unambiguously collaborating on various levels as mentioned in the centralized system to achieve the goal which is represented in Figure 2. Research limitations/implications However, the multi-UAVs are context aware in situations such as environmental observation, UAV–UAV communication and decision-making. Independent of whether operation is centralized or decentralized, this study relates the goals of the multi-UAVs are sensing, communication and coordination among other UAVs, etc. Figure 3 shows overall system architecture. Practical implications The individual events attempts in the UAV’s execution are required to complete the mission in superlative manner which affects in every multi UAV system. This multi UAV systems need to take a steady resolute on what way UAV has to travel and what they need to complete to face the critical situations in changing of environments with the uncertain information. This coordination algorithm has certain dimensions including events that they needs to resolute on, the information that they used to make a resolution, the resolute making algorithm, the degree of decentralization. In multi UAV systems, the coordinated events ranges from lower motion level. Originality/value This study has proposed a novel self-organizing coordination algorithm for multi-UAV systems. Further, the experimental results also confirm that is robust to form network at ease. The testbed for this simulation to sensing, communication, evaluation and networking. The algorithm coordination has to testbed with multi UAVs systems. The two scheduling techniques has been used to transfer the packets using done network. The self-organizing algorithm (SOA) with fair scheduling queue outperforms the weighted queue scheduling in the transfer rate with less loss and time lag. The results obtained through from Figure 10 clearly indicates that the fair queue scheduling with SOA have several advantages over weighted fair queue in different parameters.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-co-ordination algorithm (SCA) for multi-UAV systems using fair scheduling queue

K.A.

Priyadarshini

P.C.

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Regarding the way the information should be presented on the display, research has shown that the usage of icons to convey safety critical information in complex systems promotes more efficient learning and interaction with the system compared to textual presentation of information [49,50]. In fact, textual presentation of safety critical information is one of the major design problems of current HMIs for UAS control [51] and was found to be a contributing factor in past UAS accidents [52].…”

Section: Subsystem and Components Physical Functions Physical Formsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When observing a visual scene, humans tend to look for patterns of information in accordance to Gestalt principles. In fact, it has been found that the location of information is a major determinant for usability [49]. Furthermore, Howitt and Richards [49] suggest that grouping icons together in semantically meaningful clusters could create implicit categorical cues and may enhance performance.…”

Section: Design Principle 3: Arrange Icons In a Semantically Meaningfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, it has been found that the location of information is a major determinant for usability [49]. Furthermore, Howitt and Richards [49] suggest that grouping icons together in semantically meaningful clusters could create implicit categorical cues and may enhance performance. As such, the icons should be grouped together in a semantically meaningful way.…”

Section: Design Principle 3: Arrange Icons In a Semantically Meaningfmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human–Machine Interface Design for Monitoring Safety Risks Associated with Operating Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems in Urban Areas

Friedrich

Vollrath

2021

Aerospace

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The envisioned introduction of autonomous Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) into low-altitude urban airspace necessitates high levels of system safety. Despite increased system autonomy, humans will most likely remain an essential component in assuring safety. This paper derives, applies, and evaluates a display design concept that aims to support safety risk monitoring of multiple sUAS by a human operator. The concept comprises of five design principles. The core idea of the concept is to limit display complexity despite increasing the number of sUAS monitored by primarily visualizing highly abstracted information while hiding detailed information of lower abstraction, unless specifically requested by the human operator. States of highly abstracted functions are visualized by function-specific icons that change hue in accordance to specified system states. Simultaneously, the design concept aims to support the human operator in identifying off-nominal situations by implementing design properties that guide visual attention. The display was evaluated in a study with seven subject matter experts. Although preliminary, the results clearly favor the proposed display design concept. The advantages of the proposed design concept are demonstrated, and the next steps for further exploring the proposed display design concept are outlined.

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“…The design of UAV workstations does give further high‐level guidance on the design of the single crew flight deck. This can be succinctly described in the form of a figure (Figure 1), which is adapted from the work of Howitt and Richards (2003).…”

Section: Challenges For the Design And Operation Of The Single Crew Regional Aircraftmentioning

confidence: 99%

A human‐centred design agenda for the development of single crew operated commercial aircraft

Harris

2007

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology

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PurposeThis paper aims to make a case that with the appropriate use of human factors methods it is possible to design and develop a single crew commercial aircraft using largely existing technology.Design/methodology/approachFrom a review of the literature it is suggested that some of the functions of the non‐flying pilot would be better assumed by either onboard automation or ground‐based systems.FindingsIt is argued that the design of the flight deck and the role of the pilot require re‐conceptualising to accommodate the requirements for flying a highly automated aircraft single‐handed. With such re‐design, considerable efficiency gains will be achieved, but to fully realise these gains a system‐wide approach is required which extends beyond the design of the aircraft per se.Research limitations/implicationsThis is only a high‐level thought piece to stimulate debate. Much greater consideration of all the issues raised is required, as is a change in regulatory requirements.Practical implicationsIf implemented, the single crew aircraft could result in a revolution in air transport, offering considerable cost savings, especially on shorter routes with relatively small passenger loads.Originality/valueA first attempt to use human factors as a design driver to produce operational and economic efficiency by the novel use of existing technologies spun‐out from other areas of aircraft development.

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The Human Machine Interface for Airborne Control of UAVs

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

Self-co-ordination algorithm (SCA) for multi-UAV systems using fair scheduling queue

Self-co-ordination algorithm (SCA) for multi-UAV systems using fair scheduling queue

Human–Machine Interface Design for Monitoring Safety Risks Associated with Operating Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems in Urban Areas

A human‐centred design agenda for the development of single crew operated commercial aircraft

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