The Human in the Loop: An Approach to Individualize Smart Process Control

Defining stages of the Industry 4.0 adoption via indicator sets

“…Financial leverage Impact of innovation strategy in high-level-research companies The degree, to which an organisation generates profits from the implementation of innovation strategies Ezzi and Jarboui (2016) Formalisation of systems development Application of formalisation The extent, to which an I4.0 adopter can create formally-defined, brand-named, or published development methodologies aimed at descriptions of the current work of users and the organisation, functional requirement specifications, technical design, functional design, code, technical conversion plan, and functional conversion plan, to name a few Mathiassen and Munk-Madsen (2007) The functionality of service quality Use of software functionality service in diverse type network technologies (e.g., 3G) The degree of fitness for a piece of software or how it compares to competitors in the marketplace as a worthwhile product Salleh et al (2017) Human in/outside the loop Smart process control in an experimental office building The degree of information technologies to integrate humans in the process control loop, that is, interacting with a distant system to accomplish a given task Aduda et al (2014) Information intensity Effect on various industries' competitive advantage The level of intellectual work done by I4.0 adopters as they conduct their affairs Sabherwal and King (1991) Intelligent lots Batch scheduling problem The extent, to which technologies deal with batch scheduling problems Classification of flexible manufacturing system types A machine's degree of ease in making the changes required to produce a given set of part types Browne et al (1984) Maintainability The degree of efficiency, to which an item will be retained in or restored to a specified condition within a given period when prescribed procedures and resources perform maintenance Blanchard et al (1995) Manager risk tolerance Firms at a particular stock price and firm size data The degree of I4.0 adopters' risk aversion and risk perception, which plays an essential role in the decision-making by managers Frijns et al (2013) Engineering Management in Production and Services Multilingualism IT adoption by organisations The degree of I4.0 technologies to support multiple languages for effective delivery of information and knowledge in CPS Jeyaraj et al (2006) Operational risk The degree of loss risk from inadequate or failed internal processes, people, and systems, or external events Hoffman (2002) Organisational efficiency The stochastic frontier analysis employed by nations The level, to which I4.0 adop...…”