The human eccrine sweat gland: Structure, function and disorders

Bovell, DL

doi:10.5339/jlghs.2015.5

Cited by 32 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…In endoscopic sympathectomy, the destruction of the sympathetic ganglia occurs by excision, ablation, or clipping. All of these procedures, whether clinical or surgical, suggest that the pathophysiological involvement of PFHH should be actually pe-Eur Neurol 2020;83:293-300 DOI: 10.1159/000507810 ripheral [46][47][48], given the mechanism of action of these procedures, which confirms the findings of the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Heart Rate Variability Assessment and Its Application for Autonomic Function Evaluation in Patients with Hyperhidrosis

et al. 2020

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Background: Pathophysiology mechanism of primary focal hyperhidrosis (PFHH) is controversial. Heart rate variability (HRV) could explain if there is a systemic component present. We aimed to investigate the functions of the autonomic nervous system in patients diagnosed with PFHH compared to controls using the analysis of HRV in the domains of time, frequency, and nonlinearity, as well as analysis of the recurrence plots (RPs). Methods: We selected 34 patients with PFHH (29.4 ± 10.2 years) and 34 controls (29.2 ± 9.6 years) for HRV analysis. Heart beats were recorded with Polar RS800CX monitor (20 min, at rest, in supine position), and RR intervals were analyzed with Kubios Premium HRV software. RPs were constructed with Visual Recurrence Analysis software. Statistical analysis included unpaired t test (p < 0.05). Results: Our results showed that HRV parameters in the 3 domains evaluated did not show any differences between the groups. The same was observed with RPs. Conclusions: The findings suggest that PFHH, from the pathophysiological point of view, may be caused by peripheral involvement of the sympathetic nervous system (glandular level or nerve terminals), as there was no difference between the groups studied. More specific studies should help elucidate this issue.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Heart Rate Variability Assessment and Its Application for Autonomic Function Evaluation in Patients with Hyperhidrosis

et al. 2020

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“…Fuller details of the secretory mechanisms can be found in the following review . Briefly, it has been shown that the Na + /K + ‐ATPase pump provides the driving force for sweat production and that extracellular K + , Na + and Ca 2+ were necessary for secretory mechanisms to function in the human and simian eccrine glands .…”

Section: Secretory Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fuller details of the secretory mechanisms can be found in the following review. [1] Briefly, it has been shown that the Na + /K + -ATPase pump provides the driving force for sweat production [66] and that extracellular K + , Na + and Ca 2+ were necessary for secretory mechanisms to function in the human and simian eccrine glands. [77,85,86,100,101] Studies using loop diuretics on other exocrine tissues suggested that the Na + /K + /2Cl − (NKCC) electroneutral co-transporter facilitated accumulation of Cl − above its equilibrium potential, in preparation for agonist-induced secretion.…”

Section: S Ecre Tory Mechanis Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of eccrine sweat gland research towards developing a model for human sweat gland function

Bovell

2018

Experimental Dermatology

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For several decades now, researchers, professional bodies, governments, and journals such as the journal of Experimental Dermatology have worked to reduce the number of animals used in experimentation. This review centres on investigations into how human sweat glands produce sweat and how that research has evolved over the years. It is hoped that this review will show that as methodologies advanced, sweat gland research has come to rely less and less on a variety of animal models as investigative tools and information is being primarily obtained through human and mouse material, with a view to further reductions in using animal models.

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“…We hypothesized that the maximum sweat gland ion reabsorption rate would be affected by local Tsk as previous studies, in vivo and in vitro, have reported a temperature dependency of Na + channels excitability and ion reabsorption regulation (Ruff 1999;Chraïbi and Horisberger 2003;Shamsuddin et al 2005a). The reabsorption of NaCl is primarily driven by the movement of Na + down a steep concentration gradient that is generated by the Na + /K + pump via ENaC (Bovell 2015). In vitro studies utilising a wide temperature range (19˚C and 37˚C) have demonstrated the temperature dependency of Na + channels excitability; where 30% and 93% of the channels were excitable at these respective temperatures (Ruff 1999).…”

Section: Thermal Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 98%

The influence of local skin temperature on the sweat glands maximum ion reabsorption rate

et al. 2019

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Changes in mean skin temperature (Tsk) have been shown to modify the maximum rate of sweat ions reabsorption. This study aims to extend this knowledge by investigating if modifications could also be caused by local Tsk. Methods The influence of local Tsk on the sweat glands maximum ion reabsorption rates was investigated in 10 healthy volunteers (3 female and 7 male; 20.8 ± 1.2 yrs, 60.4 ± 7.7 kg, 169.4 ± 10.4 cm) during passive heating (water perfused suit and lower leg water immersion). In two separate trials, in a randomised order, one forearm was always manipulated to 33˚C (Neutral), whilst the other was manipulated to either 30˚C (Cool) or 36˚C (Warm) using water perfused patches. Oesophageal temperature (Tes), forearm Tsk, sweat rate (SR), galvanic skin conductance (GSC) and salivary aldosterone concentrations were measured. The sweat glands maximum ion reabsorption rates were identified using the ∆SR threshold for an increasing ∆GSC. Results Thermal (Tes and body temperature (Tb)) and non-thermal responses (aldosterone) were similar across all conditions (p>0.05). A temperature dependent response for the sweat glands maximum ion reabsorption rates was evident between 30˚C (0.18 ± 0.10 mg/cm 2/ min) and 36˚C (0.28 ± 0.14 mg/cm 2 /min, d = 0.88, p<0.05), but not for 33˚C (0.22 ± 0.12 mg/cm 2 /min), d =0.44 and d=0.36, p>0.05). Conclusion The data indicates that small variations in local Tsk may not affect the sweat glands maximum ion reabsorption rates but when the local Tsk increases by >6˚C, ion reabsorption rates also increase.

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The human eccrine sweat gland: Structure, function and disorders

Cited by 32 publications

References 99 publications

Heart Rate Variability Assessment and Its Application for Autonomic Function Evaluation in Patients with Hyperhidrosis

Heart Rate Variability Assessment and Its Application for Autonomic Function Evaluation in Patients with Hyperhidrosis

The evolution of eccrine sweat gland research towards developing a model for human sweat gland function

The influence of local skin temperature on the sweat glands maximum ion reabsorption rate

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