The Human Costs of Tobacco Use

Bartecchi, Carl E.; MacKenzie, Thomas D.; Schrier, Robert W.

doi:10.1056/nejm199403313301307

Cited by 475 publications

(219 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…High sodium 9 and alcohol 10,11 intakes, obesity, 12 smoking, 13,14 low heart rate variability 15,16 and in some studies high plasma renin activity (PRA) 17 are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. Obesity, 18 smoking, 19,20 and intakes of alcohol 20,21 and salt 22 may also modulate heart rate variability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced heart rate variability in hypertension: associations with lifestyle factors and plasma renin activity

et al. 2003

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Limited information exists on the relations between heart rate variability, hypertension, lifestyle factors and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. A total of 191 newly diagnosed yet untreated hypertensive men and women, 35-54 years of age, were compared with an ageand gender-stratified random population sample of 105 normotensive men and women to find out independent determinants of heart rate variability. Heart rate variability was computed from 5-min ECG time series using the standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervals (SDNN), the square root of the mean of squared differences between adjacent normal RR intervals (RMSSD) and the fast Fourier transform spectral analysis. All absolute measures of heart rate variability were reduced in hypertension (Po0.001 for each, ANOVA). In multivariate regression analyses, reduced heart rate variability was independently associated with higher heart rate (Po0.001 for all absolute measures of heart rate variability), higher age (P=0.001 for SDNN, total and LF powers; Po0.001 for RMSSD and HF power) and higher mean arterial pressure (Po0.05 for total power, Po0.01 for the other absolute measures) but not with sodium and alcohol intakes, body mass index and smoking. Increased plasma renin activity (PRA) was an independent attributor of reduced HF power (Po0.05) and reduced RMSSD (Po0.01). Increased blood pressure and heart rate are associated with decreased heart rate variability without any direct effects on heart rate variability of lifestyle factors. High PRA is an independent determinant of diminished modulation of vagal activity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced heart rate variability in hypertension: associations with lifestyle factors and plasma renin activity

et al. 2003

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“…[11] Smoking is one of the most potent and prevalent addictive habits, influencing behavior of human beings for more than four centuries. The scientifi c term for tobacco, Nicotiana, and the alkaloid in tobacco responsible for addiction, nicotine, owes to French Ambassador to Portugal, Jean Nicot who popularized the idea that tobacco had curative powers.…”

Section: Smoking Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking and cardiovascular health: A review of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention and control of tobacco

et al. 2009

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“…1,2 In this context, interest in the costs of cigarette smoking for health care derives from the need to identify the economic burden that smoking imposes on a society in the perspective of epidemiological transition. 4,8 According to the World Health Organization, worldwide mortality from tobacco is likely to rise from about four million deaths a year in 1998 to about 10 million a year in 2030. In other words, tobacco will cause about 150 million deaths in the fi rst quarter of the century and 300 million in the second quarter.…”

Section: Descritores: Tabagismo Epidemiologia Tabagismo Tendênciasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tobacco-related cancer comprises 16% of the total annual incidence of cancer cases in developed countries, while the corresponding rate in developing countries is 10%. 4,5 In China, smoking causes far more deaths from chronic respiratory diseases than from cardiovascular disease. 3 In Mexico, according to offi cial data, approximately 40,000 persons per year die from smoking-related respiratory diseases, and approximately 100,000 patients demand health care services to treat these illnesses.…”

Section: Descritores: Tabagismo Epidemiologia Tabagismo Tendênciasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic burden of expected epidemiological changes in diseases related to tobacco, Mexico

Arredondo¹,

Carrillo

Zuñiga

2007

Rev. Saúde Pública

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Economic burden of expected epidemiological changes in diseases related to tobacco, MexicoImpacto econômico das mudanças epidemiológicas esperadas nas doenças associadas ao tabaco, México ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To determine health care costs and economic burden of epidemiological changes in diseases related to tobacco consumption. METHODS:A time-series analysis in Mexico (1994Mexico ( -2005 was carried out on seven health interventions: chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, lung cancer with and without surgical intervention, asthma in smokers and nonsmokers, full treatment course with nicotine gum, and full treatment course with nicotine patch. According with Box-Jenkins methodology, probabilistic models were developed to forecast the expected changes in the epidemiologic profi le and the expected changes in health care services required for selected interventions. Health care costs were estimated following the instrumentation methods and validated with consensus technique. RESULTS:A comparison of the economic impact in 2006 vs. 2008 showed 20-90% increase in expected cases depending on the disease (p<0.05), and 25-93% increase in fi nancial requirements (p<0.01). The study data suggest that changes in the demand for health services for patients with respiratory diseases related to tobacco consumption will continue showing an increasing trend. CONCLUSIONS:In economic terms, the growing number of cases expected during the study period indicates a process of internal competition and adds an element of intrinsic competition in the management of preventive and curative interventions. The study results support the assumption that if preventive programs remain unchanged, the increasing demands for curative health care may cause great fi nancial and management challenges to the health care system of middle-income countries like Mexico. 524Economic burden of smoking in Mexico Arredondo A et al. RESUMOOBJETIVO: Avaliar os custos da atenção médica a doenças associadas ao tabagismo e o impacto econômico das mudanças epidemiológicas. México (1994México ( -2005 de sete intervenções médicas em relação a: doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, câncer de pulmão com e sem intervenção cirúrgica, asma bronquial em fumantes e não-fumantes, tratamento com adesivos para deixar de fumar, tratamento com goma de mascar. As mudanças epidemiológicas esperadas e as necessidades fi nanceiras para atender a demanda de serviços foram avaliadas pelos modelos probabilísticos de Box-Jenkins. Os custos foram determinados de acordo com método de instrumentação e a técnica de consenso. MÉTODOS: Análise de série temporal no RESULTADOS:A comparação do impacto das mudanças epidemiológicas previstas para 2006 e 2008 mostrou incremento de 20% a 90%, dependendo do tipo de intervenção. O incremento nos custos da atenção médica foi de 25% a 93%. Há indícios que a demanda de serviços de saúde para as intervenções investigadas continuarão aumentando. CONCLUSÕES:Em termos econômicos, o aumento na quantidade de casos esperados refl etem um fenômeno de competição ...

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The Human Costs of Tobacco Use

Cited by 475 publications

References 44 publications

Reduced heart rate variability in hypertension: associations with lifestyle factors and plasma renin activity

Reduced heart rate variability in hypertension: associations with lifestyle factors and plasma renin activity

Smoking and cardiovascular health: A review of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention and control of tobacco

Economic burden of expected epidemiological changes in diseases related to tobacco, Mexico

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